Interesting arithmetic quirk:
Consider two situations:
(1) 0.5% yield bonds with inflation at 1.5%, not far from what was the case recently. Seems like a real yield of -1%.
(2) 4.0% yield bonds with inflation at 4.5%, not wildly implausible for the near future. Seems like a real yield of -0.5%.
On the surface of things, option (2) looks better. Not good, but a higher real yield by half a percent. Great!
But in reality option (1) is better because of taxes.
Taxes are applied to nominal earnings, not real earnings.
Option (1) has a real after-tax yield of -1.11%, and option (2) has a real after tax yield of -1.34%.
Assuming a corporate tax rate of 21%.
Makes sense, nice insight.
I suppose even a 4% yield seems wildly ambitious, with the 5y treasury at only just over 2% now, and as low as 0.26% just 2 years ago. But in 1999-2000, when central banks still thought their role was to keep inflation around 2%, not protect share prices, we had rates of 5-6%, and rates never dropped below 8% between 1978 and 1986. And to your point about real interest rates, inflation was higher back then, but real interest rates were typically more like 4%, not hovering around 0. If we had 8% rates again, with 4% inflation, and 21% tax rates, Berkshire could get a 3% real return on its huge fixed income portfolio, and the return on $140b might well be $4b-$5b after tax, instead of close to zero right now.
But as you suggest, it would be much better to have only a small portion of that cash pile in bonds, even at an after tax return of 3%, and most of it in stocks with higher returns. If we do get interest rates of 8% again, they are likely to go along with much better prices on stocks, too, and of course more reasonably priced acquisition targets. It’s hard to hope for that outcome, but it’s nice to own shares of a company that would at least benefit from it.
dtb