Global Agriculture Under Pressure as Fertilizer Costs Surge Amid Conflict**
The escalation of conflict in the Middle East has triggered a surge in fertilizer prices, leaving farmers worldwide scrambling to secure supplies as the critical spring planting season approaches. The closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital shipping route, has disrupted the flow of fertilizers and fuel, compounding existing challenges in global agriculture.
The ongoing conflict in the Middle East threatens global food security by disrupting the supply of nitrogen fertilizers, which are crucial for producing half the world’s food. The Persian Gulf, a key source of these fertilizers, faces challenges in delivery due to the shutdown of the Strait of Hormuz, leading to surging prices for fertilizers and related chemicals. The Strait of Hormuz, through which one-third of global fertilizer trade and 20% of export fuels pass, has become a chokepoint due to the conflict. Fertilizer plants in the region have shut down, and shipping routes have been severely disrupted.
The conflict in the Middle East could severely impact fertilizer supply, as five key exporters—Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, and Bahrain—rely on the Strait of Hormuz to export over one-third of global urea, nearly one-fourth of ammonia, and a significant share of phosphate fertilizers. This disruption could surpass the effects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which already drove up fertilizer prices and reduced harvests.

