Just One Word:Plastics

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DJato7gzKE]

Did you know, for instance, that in every liter of bottled water, there’s about a quarter million bits of plastic?

Microplastics are consumed frequently and they can harm human health. “Scientists have estimated that adults ingest the equivalent of one credit card per week in microplastics.

Autopsy studies are showing an increasing body burden of plastics accumulating in us, with a study published earlier this year by showing that the average person now has a credit card and a half’s worth of plastic…in their brains. The same study found a high correlation between dementia levels and the amount of plastic in the brains of the deceased. While proving A causes B is very difficult from a scientific perspective in human health studies, we probably don’t need to go further than the high correlation analysis to simply say — hm, probably plastic in our brain is not a good thing.

In late 2024, Chinese researchers discovered microplastics within samples of bone and skeletal muscle from a group of patients who had undergone joint replacement surgery, either on their elbows, hip or shoulders. In the study, the scientists expressed concern at this finding, speculating that the presence of microplastics within bone or muscle could impact an individual’s ability to exercise, with other studies showing that certain types of microplastics can impede the growth of bone or muscle cells.

This followed another paper in early 2024, where a group of Italian researchers identified microplastics in plaques found in the carotid arteries – a pair of major vessels which deliver blood to the brain – of people with early-stage cardiovascular disease. This linked their presence to worsening disease progression. Over the following three years, individuals carrying these microplastics in their plaques had a 4.5-fold greater risk of stroke, heart attack or sudden death.

Then in February 2025, another group of scientists identified microplastics in the brains of human cadavers. Most notably, those who had been diagnosed with dementia prior to their death had up to 10 times as much plastic in their brains compared to those without the condition. “We were shocked,” says Matthew Campen, a University of New Mexico toxicology professor who led this study.

The other challenge for researchers like Pichler is that in different people, various microplastics may be doing very different things. She points out that research has suggested certain plastic particles can absorb environmental toxins and carry heavy metals, while various chemicals added to plastic may interact with the network of hormones in the body. Nanoplastics (plastic particles which are less than one micrometre ins size), much smaller than microplastics which are five millimetres or less in length, may be even more damaging as they are small enough to be able to cross cellular membranes and gather within cells.

Hmm.
I beginning to think I might not get out of this world alive.

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Beds of sand ie sand filters should be able to remove micro plastic. That and flocculation (pulling down suspended solids for clarification usually w ferric hydroxide) is standard drinking water treatment most places. Similarly ion exchange beds used in water softeners should remove micro plastics. (Usually you regenerate by reverse flow w salt water to fluff the bed. Accumulated microplastics should go w the regenerating fluid.)

You are probably much better protected from micro plastics than you imagine.

But probably not as much as we should be.

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They’re finding plastics in the brains of deceased persons. This isn’t a lab experiment. It’s actual formerly living brains. So, I would say “definitely not as much as we should be”.

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Maybe having a plastic munching brain worm isn’t all bad…

It’s a good thing people actually study this stuff. When I use my Googler…there are numerous studies on how well wastewater treatment plants and water treatment plants filter out microplastics. Spoiler alert, they’re far from 100% filtration efficiency. I guess we could layer on a point-of-use filtration method, but that still doesn’t get us to 100%. And…it does nothing to filter out microplastics when we’re drinking water from single-use plastic bottles chock-full of the stuff.

Another spoiler alert, we’ll continue to face this environmental and health problem until we start to take this stuff seriously -

“A coordinated strategy among policymakers, researchers, and industry leaders is essential for managing and reducing MP pollution. Policymakers must enforce strict regulations on plastic production, particularly single-use plastics, and mandate advanced MP removal technologies in WWTPs. Financial support should drive research into high-efficiency, low-impact MP removal methods. At the same time, incentives promote closed-loop systems and biodegradable alternatives in high-MP sectors like textiles, packaging, and personal care. Given the global nature of MP pollution, international policies and agreements are essential for a unified response.”

Technologies to eliminate microplastic from water: Current approaches and future prospects - ScienceDirect.

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Ever wonder how they test for “micro-plastics?” I mean, these are tiny things, so it’s not like you run the human body through a sieve and get a bunch of things you can separate and sort and test.

Well, some scientists took a look:

High-profile studies reporting the presence of microplastics throughout the human body have been thrown into doubt by scientists who say the discoveries are probably the result of contamination and false positives. One chemist called the concerns “a bombshell”.

There is no suggestion of malpractice, but researchers told the Guardian of their concern that the race to publish results, in some cases by groups with limited analytical expertise, has led to rushed results and routine scientific checks sometimes being overlooked.

"The brain microplastic paper is a joke,” said Dr Dušan Materić, at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research in Germany. “Fat is known to make false-positives for polyethylene. The brain has [approximately] 60% fat.” Materić and his colleagues suggested rising obesity levels could be an alternative explanation for the trend reported in the study.

Maybe
The two largest sources of microplastics, by far, are tires and clothing. If you live close to a highway, you are breathing microplastics. Just the same as we used to all breathe Methyl-Ethyl-Lead, which was also fine (conflicting research!!). Until it wasn’t. Do you live near an airport? You’re still breathing Methyl-Ethyl-Lead.

Science is always out to prove itself wrong. Scientists like nothing more than proving someone else wrong. That’s the power of science and the scientific method.

I genuinely hope this is correct. I suspect it isn’t entirely correct because of some comparison studies that have been run (e.g. a control unit and one that has a potential for microplastics) has shown microplastics. Any error in their methodology and equipment would be expected to produce a baseline result (e.g. 100 ppm microplastics) in both samples. So any excess of that in the non-control sample would be, well, excess.

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Re: methyl ethyl lead.

Tetraethyl lead is the additive used in leaded gasoline. A halogen compound (usually ethylene bromide or ethylene chloride) is added to ethyl fluid as a scavenger to prevent lead accumulation in the cylinders. You expect the lead to be converted to lead chloride.

Leaded gasoline was developed for aviation gasoline in World War II. Dow Chemical was founded to recover bromine from the brine in Midland MI. Their largest plant in Freeport TX came from an effort to recover bromine from seawater for aviation gasoline. They discovered natural gas was treated as a waste by the oil industry and often flared.

Thanks for the article. Filtration is the obvious method to remove microplastics from drinking water. Recall that seawater can be desalinated by ultra filtration.

Filtration and flocculation are already used to clarify drinking water. Optimizing to remove microplastics should be straight forward. Then it’s a matter of adapting the technology. Can existing equipment be adapted. Or is capital investment required.

Ultra fine filters make it easy to collect and weigh particulates in the lab as an analytic al method. It measures all particulates and does not distinguish unless methods are developed. Yes, caution is required. You can also measure suspended mud particles this way. An obvious advantage of measuring drinking water after filtration.

That’s right. Methyl Ethyl Lead is the general classification . . .

Lead was added to gasoline in 1922, as an agent to stop the “knock” (ignition out of sequence without spark), and designers found that they could make engines more powerful with leaded gas because it allowed higher compression ratios before the gas would spontaneously ignite (the way diesel engines work.) More compression = cylinders rotating smoothly and not misfiring.

Unfortunately lead, as should have been know from at least Roman times, is not generally a good thing to have floating around in the air.

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Everybody should know the story of Thomas Midgely: Thomas Midgley Jr. - Wikipedia.

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