What is money? What is inflation?

My questions are not about counterparty, they are about the monetary value of equity options.

(although your counterparty in US listed equity options will almost always be a market maker, who will most likely understand and use delta hedging when they post quotes on the exchange).

My questions are about delta hedging, which is a result of how to value (price) an option.

Which is the same as Black-Scholes:

Here’s a statement on counterparty: