Control Panel: Earnings, market cap and the stock market bubble

Many, if not most, METARs are heavily invested in the stock market. Several studies have shown that investing in a low-cost S&P500 index fund consistently beats stock picking (including professionally-managed mutual funds) over time. This is no secret to investors.

https://www.investors.com/etfs-and-funds/personal-finance/sp500-actively-managed-funds-vs-passive/

Investors Finally Throw In The Towel On Active Fund Managers


Over the five years through March 2024, investors poured nearly $3 trillion into index funds but yanked about $1.4 trillion from active ones… [end quote]

A study showed that strict end-of-day indexers who are benchmarked to either the S&P 500 or the Russell 1000/2000 held 37.8% of the US
stock market in 2020.

This makes the stock market vulnerable to factors that affect the largest components of the index. Unlike the “old days” when each stock was evaluated on its own merit, today’s market will pull down every component of the index if the largest companies are hit.

The Cyclically Adjusted P/E Ratio (CAPE Ratio), based on average inflation-adjusted earnings from the previous 10 years, shows the SPX is still in a historic bubble. Investor excitement over AI stocks resembles 2000 when excitement over dot-com stocks drove a bubble that collapsed in 2001-2002. The narrowness of today’s stock market bubble resembles many bubbles of the past. (cf. “Manias, Panics and Crashes,” by Kindleberger)

https://www.wsj.com/finance/stocks/earnings-season-to-test-investors-faith-in-big-tech-stocks-a16dc89e?mod=hp_lead_pos6

Earnings Season to Test Investors’ Faith in Big Tech Stocks

S&P 500 companies are expected to report the biggest quarterly profit jump since early 2022

By Hardika Singh, The Wall Street Journal, July 7, 2024

An elite cadre of tech giants that drove the stock market to records is under pressure to keep the party going this earnings season.

The S&P 500 has climbed 17% this year, fueled by investor excitement over artificial intelligence that has sent shares of Nvidia and its fellow tech titans to dramatic heights…

The top 10 companies in the S&P 500 make up 37% of the index’s market cap but contribute 24% to its earnings — the widest such gap since the third quarter of 1990…

The stock market’s ascent early this year was in part driven by expectations that the Fed would cut rates at least six times. Those hopes have since dimmed, with traders now betting on at least two cuts by the end of the year. Investors worry that if earnings come in weak, the market’s momentum could fade… [end quote]

The SPX and NAZ powered to all-time highs last week. VIX and Financial Stress are low. The Fear & Greed Index is neutral. The trade is risk-on as stocks are rising faster than the 10-year Treasury.

The Treasury yield curve is close to flat. Longer-term Treasury yields are gradually falling. The options market expects a fed funds rate cut in September and possibly December as well.

https://www.wsj.com/economy/jobs/jobs-report-june-unemployment-economy-68275d9e?mod=economy_lead_pos2

Case for September Rate Cut Builds After Slower Jobs Data

Jobs report shows the unemployment rate ticked up to 4.1%, indicating slack in what has been a strong labor market

By Justin Lahart and
Nick Timiraos, The Wall Street Journal, July 5, 2024

The Labor Department reported on Friday that the U.S. added a solid 206,000 jobs last month, slightly beating expectations and continuing a remarkably strong run. But the unemployment rate ticked up to 4.1%, a sign of slack in a labor market that has already shown some hints of gradually slowing down.

There were other indications as well that the job market is continuing to cool…The jobs report seems to have affirmed investors’ view that the economy is slowing, but not in a drastic way that would prompt more aggressive rate cuts. … [end quote]

Economic activity in the manufacturing sector contracted in June for the third consecutive month and the 19th time in the last 20 months, say the nation’s supply executives in the latest Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business®.

Economic activity in the services sector contracted in June for the second time in the last three months, say the nation’s purchasing and supply executives in the latest Services ISM® Report On Business ®. The Services PMI® registered 48.8 percent, indicating sector contraction for the third time in 49 months. The decrease in the composite index in June is a result of notably lower business activity, a contraction in new orders for the second time since May 2020 and continued contraction in employment.

Since the services sector is about 78% of GDP and labor-intensive compared with manufacturing a slowdown could presage lower employment later. But it’s too soon to say since plenty of new jobs were added in June. Initial unemployment claims, while gradually trending upward, are still very low.

There are no black swans in the news that would upset the markets.

The METAR for next week is sunny.
Wendy

https://www.ismworld.org/supply-management-news-and-reports/reports/ism-report-on-business/pmi/june/

14 Likes

And yet, the inflation rate is above the targeted 2%.

How much of the projected two (or even one) interest rate cut by the Fed is wishful thinking? While a lack of a cut could negatively impact the stock/bond markets, protecting investors against loss is not one of the Fed’s goals. While the unemployment rate has ticked upwards, it is by no means high and the Fed will only seriously cut rates until there are signs that it is significantly getting worse.

Due to giving away the farm by nearly zero interest rates, (excepting the COVID reaction) the Fed has avoided the negative aspects of the business cycle for over a decade. I suspect we are approaching an inflection point when it will be time to pay the piper and revert to (or even overshoot) the mean.

Jeff

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@OrmontUS let’s think about the last three inflection points.

2019 – there were signs of a slowdown in late 2019 before Hurricane Covid hit. Covid was a black swan so I don’t think 2019 has many lessons for us.

2008 - VIX began to spike over 20 in July 2007. Financial Stress also began to spike over zero in mid-2007. These indicators, taken together, are a sure sign of financial crisis. Initial unemployment claims (a lagging indicator) began to rise in early 2008, months before the Great Financial Crisis.

2001 - The dot-com bubble began to deflate in early 2000 and reached a nadir in 2002. (I have linked an inflation-adjusted chart to make the drops easier to see.) The 2001 recession was relatively mild and didn’t have a financial crisis so VIX and Financial Stress didn’t give strong signals.

I’m not reading about huge systemic imbalances like the mortgage situation in 2007-2008. I think the market is in more of a 2000-type situation. The difference is the shift of so much of the market to index funds. The popping of the AI bubble could drag the whole market down moreso than in 2000. I wouldn’t expect Financial Stress to spike but VIX would.
Wendy

2 Likes

Zeihan talks about the Fed, interest rates & future capital requirement of USA.
He believes that with the collapse of China & its manufacturing infrastructure will drive the US to build out its existing manufacturing. And that build out put pressure for higher interest rates but that would hinder the expansion effort.
And he brings lower demand as population decline hit all advanced nations.
Any way his thoughts:The Federal Reserve and Its Inflation Target - Zeihan on Geopolitics
With the need for a massive industrial buildout coming down the pipe, raising rates could hinder this expansion and cause a huge swatch of problems. Then the Fed will have to factor in the decline in population growth which is creating a low-demand environment, necessitating an entirely new economic model.
So yeah, the Federal Reserve has their work cut out for them, but don’t worry too much. The Fed’s actions should remain effective and US economic growth should remain strong…if anything (like inflation) does run awry, we might see some “legislative intervention”.

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It is now not just overdue, but macroeconomically urgent to raise taxes to finance radical next era infrastructure improvements (smart roads, safer faster higher capacity rails, power grid, water water water, housing, just for starts) while stabilizing deficit spending at a lower level.

d fb

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Perhaps more important is the real interest rate (the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. Here, for example is the 10-yr real inflation rate:

DB2

7 Likes