Dolphins or donuts, they are hopeless against a huge mass of momentum like that ship. If they are made of the normal huge pile of boulders the ship will push them aside, and if solid the solidity will simple serve to transmit the blow to the bridge.
Bridges are BIG, but relatively light and flimsy by design (that is the only way they can be cost-effective). A laden super freighter is NOT going to be stopped by dolphins, only slightly diverted, most bridges of most designs will simply get devastated if that much momentum hits them.
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