Real Poverty Line: $140,000

I don’t know where the line is but I completely agree with the rationale of this article. I argued a few weeks ago that higher income (in that case, due to RMDs on a bene IRA) can actually cause a household to lose some financial benefits - that there is a hole, “a trap” where earning more income can actually reduce your standard of living.

Snip:

The Measurement Failure

The formula was developed by Mollie Orshansky, an economist at the Social Security Administration. In 1963, she observed that families spent roughly one-third of their income on groceries. Since pricing data was hard to come by for many items, e.g. housing, if you could calculate a minimum adequate food budget at the grocery store, you could multiply by three and establish a poverty line.

Orshansky was careful about what she was measuring. In her January 1965 article, she presented the poverty thresholds as a measure of income inadequacy, not income adequacy—”if it is not possible to state unequivocally ‘how much is enough,’ it should be possible to assert with confidence how much, on average, is too little.”

She was drawing a floor. A line below which families were clearly in crisis.

But everything changed between 1963 and 2024.

Housing costs exploded. Healthcare became the largest household expense for many families. Employer coverage shrank while deductibles grew. Childcare became a market, and that market became ruinously expensive. College went from affordable to crippling. Transportation costs rose as cities sprawled and public transit withered under government neglect.

The labor model shifted. A second income became mandatory to maintain the standard of living that one income formerly provided. But a second income meant childcare became mandatory, which meant two cars became mandatory. Or maybe you’d simply be “asking for a lot generationally speaking” because living near your parents helps to defray those childcare costs.

The Real Math of Survival

The official poverty line for a family of four in 2024 is $31,200. The median household income is roughly $80,000. We have been told, implicitly, that a family earning $80,000 is doing fine—safely above poverty, solidly middle class, perhaps comfortable.

But if Orshansky’s crisis threshold were calculated today using her own methodology, that $80,000 family would be living in deep poverty.

I wanted to see what would happen if I ignored the official stats and simply calculated the cost of existing. I built a Basic Needs budget for a family of four (two earners, two kids). No vacations, no Netflix, no luxury. Just the “Participation Tickets” required to hold a job and raise kids in 2024.

Using conservative, national-average data:

Childcare: $32,773

Housing: $23,267

Food: $14,717

Transportation: $14,828

Healthcare: $10,567

Other essentials: $21,857

Required net income: $118,009

Add federal, state, and FICA taxes of roughly $18,500, and you arrive at a required gross income of $136,500.

This is Orshansky’s “too little” threshold, updated honestly. This is the floor.

The single largest line item isn’t housing. It’s childcare: $32,773.

This is the trap. To reach the median household income of $80,000, most families require two earners. But the moment you add the second earner to chase that income, you trigger the childcare expense.

If one parent stays home, the income drops to $40,000 or $50,000—well below what’s needed to survive. If both parents work to hit $100,000, they hand over $32,000 to a daycare center.

The second earner isn’t working for a vacation or a boat. The second earner is working to pay the stranger watching their children so they can go to work and clear $1-2K extra a month. It’s a closed loop.

Much more at the link.

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Shortly after La Demonia and I had our first Diablito, we decided one of us would stay home with the kids. It worked out that I found a job to support the family so she could become our family’s CEO, COO, CFO (lots of responsibility, shat pay). Most of our reasoning was very much in line with your comment.

The other factor - As a kid, my parents relied on a kind elderly woman to watch us. She would put syrup on our scrambled eggs and jam on our grilled cheese sandwiches. She’d also slather Desitin on deep cuts to stop the bleeding…Mrs. Meininger helped convince me to not let others watch my kids.

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Is this…correct? Median household income is around $80K - but we’re not talking about a median household, here. We’re talking about a household with two kids. Median household income for that kind of family is much higher than the overall median. It’s $118.5K:

Grid View: Table B19019 - Census Reporter

If you are earning $80K in a family of four, you are way below median for that household size.

There are other issues with that analysis, especially relating to childcare - though hard to suss out, since he doesn’t show his work for how he got these numbers. The overwhelming majority of families with even young children (pre-K) do not pay for childcare (data from 2019 to avoid the pandemic years, and it drops from there:

Fast Facts: Child care (4)

It strains credulity to suggest that the typical family of four with two kids is paying $32K a year in child care. The overwhelming majority of such families will have at least one kid in public school, and the majority will have two - meaning that these kids are in partial day programs, and even two such enrollees isn’t going to get you to $30K on average:

NEW DATA: Childcare costs remain an almost prohibitive expense | U.S. Department of Labor Blog

Or put a different way, totally annual spending on all childcare services in the U.S. is about $65-70 billion (give or take), across about 34 million households with kids - or roughly $2K per year per household:

Total Revenue for Child Day Care Services, All Establishments (REV6244ALLEST144QNSA) | FRED | St. Louis Fed

….so I’d love to see how he derived his number.

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Like I stated, I don’t know where the line is.

Come now, you know you can’t go by that. My child care costs for my two kids was $0 because we had local dedicated grand parents. You can’t just take the total and divide.

U.S. families spend between 8.9% and 16.0% of their median income on full-day care for just one child, with annual prices ranging from $6,552 to $15,600 in 2022

I assume the author in the OP simply took that $15,600 from 2022 (or similar data) and multiplied it by 2. Certainly not the most comprehensive methodology but it might explain how the data is derived.

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That child care figure popped out at me as well. I’m in So Cal, which isn’t exactly the cheapest place to live. I non-randomly picked a well known local Catholic high school to see what their tuition was. They’re right around $21k a year.

There’s another private Episcopal school in the southern part of the county (the part that REALLY drives up the average costs in the county). They have a pre-k - 12 school. That one is as much as 40k a year.

In my professional life as a tax preparer, I see a fair number of child care bills, as those can qualify for a tax credit. The figures I typically see are less than $10k a year, and usually only for the youngest children - preschool through about 3rd or 4th grade. Of course, the school age kids are getting after school care only. Two kids will get up to (and sometimes a bit over) that $10k mark. Only one kid in day care rarely gets there.

The other assumption is that you need both spouses working to get to that $100k+ territory. It’s almost certainly a function of my non-random sample of tax clients, but most of my clients with younger children have only one spouse working, so are not paying for child care at all. The households with both spouses working among my clients are typically childless or have their youngest child in high school or beyond.

–Peter, skeptical

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Schools are the easiest place to provide childcare, there is existing infrastructure. Both parties approach this from two extremes. Sad.

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In my circle, I can provide an alternative. Unless one has a family member look after them or a sweet deal in the neighborhood, child care is ruinously expensive. Care for infants to 2 years old are the most expensive- $2000 a month and up. That’s in part due to the fact that there aren’t many options. Once they are older and bathroom trained, the universe of choices expands and the price drops. $1200-$1500 a month gets you quality. There was much rejoicing when ours shifted into a 3s and up program. And that’s for one child! Some programs will provide a bulk rate for an additional child, but it’s hardly a steal.

I see two factors here. First, location matters a lot. Second, quality. High quality childcare doesn’t come cheap. I know several families who stopped at two children because both parents worked and they couldn’t afford a third. But again, this is limited to my circle in an affluent area, and in nearly all of these families, the parents worked.

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My client base is screaming bloody murder about the prices of everything.

Don’t worry, deflation is on tap.

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