Transmedics - interesting numbers (and links to two reports)

Let me start by stating that I am no expert in this area by a wide margin. My background is as a software entrepreneur. That said, I have been trying to better understand the organ transplant market and came across this report by atonra.

It is concise and well worth reading, as it states competitors, market size, expectations etc and is very bullish on TMDX.

Specifically, I was trying to understand how many transplants are being performed yearly in the USA, and how much growth that market can have. Obviously (and hopefully) not every US citizen will need a transplant. In an earlier post citing (I believe) a press release from Transmedics, they spoke of 18 people a day dying in the US alone die waiting for a transplant, so that would mean roughly 6500 additional potential customers on top of existing transplant numbers being served today. That is my base line assumption.

In a report from Credit Suisse I found the following:

More than 103,000 patients are waiting for an organ transplant in the US alone.

According to preliminary data from United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), which serves as the national Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network under federal contract, 42,887 organ transplants were performed in the US in 2022 – an increase of 3.7% from 2021 and a new annual record. Impressive as this number may seem, it accounts for less than half of the people who still need organ transplants.

In the US alone, more than 103,000 people are currently on organ transplant waiting lists and every day 17 of them die waiting for an organ transplant.

The atonra report states that the cost per transplant is 200-400k USD.
It also says that in 2022 TMDX delivered 1000 organs, and doubled that number in 2023. Transmedics revenue in 2023 was 241.6mUSD or 120k USD per organ.

If transmedics can serve the most urgent 6500 people per year that die waiting for a transplant, that is an unserved market of 785m USD.

But more likely Transmedics will serve more people, given that in 2022, there were 103k people on the waiting list, of which only 42k were actually getting a transplant.

In addiiton, given that the outcomes of transmedics-delivered organ transplants are significantly better than alternatives, it is conceivable that a siginificant part of the organs currently being delivered by traditional means will over time be delivered by transmedics instead.

In other words, not considering any competitive means which at this moment seem distant, Transmedics could (and should, for the patients sake and for cost saving reasons alone) become the standard for organ delivery.

Cost savings I assume because the outcome is so much better:

Back to the original atonra report:

If Transmedics achieves 10’000 transplants annually, it could generate over $1.2bn in revenue by CY2027. Assuming they reach a 20% net income margin based on current trends, this would result in an EPS of $7. This is far above today’s consensus, which forecasts $800mn in revenue and an EPS of $2.4 for 2027.

(The assumption here is that Transmedics will deliver 10k organs in 2027, up from 2000 in 2023)

It seems there is a lot of additional opportunity between the technology, the logistics, the actually available donors and the desperately waiting patients.

On my end of the world it is getting late, so I stop here. I hope these reports and my thoughts are useful to someone else. They were for me. I now have started a 6% position.

Cheers
-Zy

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Those are interesting reports with a lot of useful data. I was looking to break down by organ type the 103k waitlist persons and 43k actual organ transplants you mentioned, and found something very surprising.

In 2023, total liver transplants were 10,660 and 9,601 were on the waitlist as of yesterday. For heart in 2022 there was 4,169 transplants, and the waitlist as of March 2024 was 3,436 people. So where are the huge remaining rest of the organs in the 103k waitlist and 43k transplants?

It turns out kidney makes up about 90,000 of the waitlist, and about 25k of the actual transplants. Found a stat that the average kidney transplant costs about $440k.

I asked AI why Transmedics may not be in the kidney business and it said one reason could be kidneys can work for cold profusion, or basically be kept on ice. It also said that Transmedics may have chosen to focus on the more challenging preservation requirements for liver, heart, and lung.

I was searching back in Transmedics previous earnings calls to see when kidney got mentioned and it’s three reports ago there was any mention at all, but I found what I was looking for because the CEO said,

We are going to expand into kidneys. But for me, the priority right now is to solidify the logistics and solidify the lung, getting the lung to contribute to our growth trajectory at least close to the heart. And then from there, we’re going to move into kidneys, but it’s definitely our next frontier.

Currently it sounds like the OCS system is not approved for kidney, and I’m completely unclear if kidney even needs this technology?

I am also now wondering if Transmedics can transport kidneys for other transplant companies if they are not the ones dealing with kidney?

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Note: I have reduced the number of non-utilised kidneys by 7000 to account for the fact that living organ donors will likely want to keep one of their kidneys.

My first assumption was that there aren’t enough kidneys donated to make entering that business interesting for Transmedics.

According to Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) 2023 was a new record in donors, with “More than 16,000 deceased organ donors” and 6,953 living organ donors for a total of about 23k donors.

According to the same source, the increase in donors is a “a continuation of a 13-year annual-record trend”.

Since donors presumably usually have two kidneys (and living donors want to keep one), this would mean 39k kidneys were available for transplant in 2023 which gives us an upper limit. However, a 100% rate of utilisation is unrealistic (for a start, blood type and many other factors have to be compatible).

According to the United Network for Organ Sharing 2022 saw more than 25k kidney transplants for the first time ever. As I have no newer numbers, I will assume that the same number of kidneys have been transplanted in 2023, which would mean about 14k kidneys were not utilised in 2023 even though they were available.

As I stated above, there are many reasons why the utilisation rate is unlikely to reach 100%, but I don’t know why the 14k kidneys have not been transplanted, or how many could have been transplanted with whatever technology or logistics Transmedics could bring to the table.

Either way, focussing first on the organs where the number of donors is significantly higher than the number of people needing a transplant seems like a smart move. This way at least the bottle neck is not the donors.

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Note: I have reduced the number of non-utilised kidneys by 7000 to account for the fact that living organ donors will likely want to keep one of their kidneys.

Apparently, the US organ transplant system is outdated and inefficient (no surprise from my side here).
Washington post writes that

More than 20 percent of all kidneys procured for transplant in the United States are not used, according to data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients

Compare this to Europe:

Eurotransplant, a consortium of eight countries including Germany, reported a rate of about 8 percent

Also, congress has Congress approved a thorough revamp of the troubled U.S. organ transplant system in summer 2023.

So assuming Eurotransplant has the best possible utilisation for kidneys, and further assuming the best case that the US will match that, only 3680 kidneys would not be utilised out of the 39k available in 2023, which would leave about 10k kidneys up for grabs. Certainly a considerably market, but possibly a long way in the future as a new system first needs to be developed and approved etc.

As a sidenote, matching donor kidneys with patients might be a good use case for AI. And TransMedics could theoretically apply to provide the new system:

With a unanimous vote Thursday night, the Senate rewrote the law to let the federal Health Resources and Services Administration break that stranglehold and solicit bids from other for-profit and nonprofit groups

(from https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2023/07/27/organ-transplant-overhaul-approved/

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Perhaps I’m missing the point but kidney donations come mainly from live people who are donating 1 of their 2, and thus they can schedule travel to the site where the transplant will occur and are “next room over”. Transporting the kidney involves simply walking it down the hall.

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Thanks for chiming in. ATM I am trying to understand possible growth vectors and limits for TMDX, with a view on the TAM. Kidneys just came up because the number of people waiting for one as by far the biggest, and TMDX is not in that market yet. That demanded a closer look at the kidney market.

Regarding your comment: the numbers quoted imply that most transplanted kidneys in fact do not come from live donors. 7000 live donors means 7000 kidneys max (live donors will want to keep one for themselves). With 25k kidney transplants performed in 2022 that leaves 18k kidneys from deceased donors.

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https://insights.unos.org/OPTN-metrics/

This website is a good place to track historic and current year data for transplants.

Below is an example of one of the charts of data. Heart transplants in 2024 look like they are tracking almost exactly the rate from 2023 - the lines are right on top of each other so far.

You can also see the data for waitlist additions and sort it by organ type.

Liver transplants are solidly ahead of last year. That seems to be the organ with the fastest adoption of TMDX OCS. Chart below.

Lung also is up significantly over the last 2 years. However, I do not think lung increase is due to TMDX because the lung transplant community has not been a strong adopter of OCS for some reason. They have been able to increase the lung transplants through some other mechanism that I have not been able to fully understand.

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I forgot to say that Kidney OCS has been mentioned many times in the past as a future area for expansion. However, I think they put it on hold because they are having to run another OCS Lung study with upgraded Lung equipment due to the fact that lung transplant doctors don’t like the original OCS device for some reason. (I think it has to do with the fact that the original OCS Lung device used positive air pressure to inflate the lungs and there is something about that process that doctors don’t like).

Bottom line - I don’t have notes from the last couple of ERs (I’ve gotten lazy), but I don’t think they have a solid plan for when they will start OCS Kidney trials.

Also - I don’t think the need is as great for warm perfusion with Kidneys because they can already survive outside the body for much longer than the other organs that OCS is used for. One of the main advantages of the OCS device is to give a longer amount of time for transporting longer distances and that is just not as big of a problem with Kidneys.

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They completed 2,300 OCS transplants in 2023. So 10,000 in 2027 would be a 45% growth CAGR.

If they do that, what PE would be likely? A 43 PE would give them a ~$300 stock price after 2027, roughly a double from today. That’s something like a 19% return per year for shareholders. If they were trading for $100 today, and the math implied a triple if all this works out, which would be a 32% return per year for shareholders, I’d be a lot more interested.

Of course maybe TMDX can do even better than 10,000 transplants by 2027, but I don’t want to count on that. And certainly the PE could be higher, but if they’re growing at 30-something percent or less in 2027, I don’t really see why it should be.

Obviously these numbers are very speculative and we can’t know what the next 3.5 years will look like. But they reinforce my inclination to stay on the sidelines at ~$150/share. As with CRWD at almost $400, seemingly all the good quarters and years to come in the near future are mostly priced in. Both may beat the market if everything goes perfectly, but not by a lot. And of course, there’s some risk that not everything goes perfectly.

I think it makes sense to be trimming TMDX and taking some gains at ~$150/share. A small position (or no position) seems sensible, as I would expect there to be an opportunity to pick up shares cheaper at some point. Then again, I could just be wrong as I have been so far with CRWD. The market doesn’t really care about the math in the short term.

Bear

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Bear - other potential catalysts would be more international business, expansion into kidneys or other organs, and possibly taking over what the existing Organ Procurement Organizations do today. I’m not predicting any of those, and there are a number of things that could go wrong. I personally think the valuation is a little stretched here, but it could always get stretched further.

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Following up on some of links above there’s a couple new bits of information I learned which are interesting.

There’s a certain percentage of liver transplants which are done from a living donor which happened in some ~600 patients last year, where a portion of the liver is removed from the donor. The article said the unique thing about livers is they can regenerate, so you can take a portion of a person’s liver and transfer to another. This still only accounts for about 6% of total transfers though.

A deceased donor has the potential to donate up to eight organs and the typical organ donor gives 3-4 organs on average. This list of potential organs someone can donate are,

  1. Heart
  2. Liver
  3. Kidney 1
  4. Kidney 2
  5. Lung 1
  6. Lung 2
  7. Pancreas
  8. Intestines

I had been under the impression that most donors were donating a single organ, but hadn’t even thought about a single donor donating this many organs. I also hadn’t realized a donor can donate two kidneys, and two lungs.

Additionally it’s mentioned that a deceased donor can do tissue donation impacting up to 75 other recipients. These tissues include corneas, skin, heart valves, bones, tendons and ligaments. While I don’t think Transmedics deals with any of these tissue donations, that could also be a future area of expansion into storing and transferring these tissues.

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I’m not positive, but I believe most times both lungs go to the same recipient. My dad received a lung transplant and it was a double lung transplant. He interacted with a lot of other lung transplant patients over the years after his operation, and I don’t remember him ever talking about someone just receiving one lung. I’m not an expert, so I could easily be mistaken about this.

Artificial Intelligence told me this - " Yes, double lung transplants, also known as bilateral lung transplants, are more common than single lung transplants. In 2021, 2,063 lung transplants were bilateral, while 506 were single. Double lung transplants are often the best option for patients with conditions like cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, and pulmonary hypertension. They can also lead to better long-term survival, with a median survival rate of 6.6 years compared to 4.6 years for single lung transplants. However, double lung transplants may not be suitable for all patients. For example, if the lungs are damaged but not infected, one lung can be left in place.

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American Lung Association

Things to Know about Lung Transplants

A double lung transplant is more common, but a single lung transplant may be an option. Ca…

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NHS Blood and Transplant

Types of lung transplant - NHS Blood and Transplant

In this operation a patient receives two lungs. This is the most common operation performe…

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The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients

OPTN/SRTR 2021 Annual Data Report: Lung

In 2021, there were 2,569 lung transplants, of which 2,063 were bilateral and 506 were sin…

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BJC HealthCare

Lung Transplant Options - BJC HealthCare

Double lung transplant. Also called a bilateral lung transplant, we remove both your disea…

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Columbia University Department of Surgery

Lung Transplantation | Columbia Surgery

However, if the lungs are damaged but not infected (e.g., COPD/emphysema), one lung can be left in place."

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