UPST Call Highlights

I’m sure you all have tracked the numbers from this quarter, so I won’t rehash them here. In short, they were excellent, but more importantly, guidance was also excellent. I wanted to provide some of the notable highlights just from the prepared remarks portion of the call. There were some excellent nuggets.

First, you could sense a great sigh of relief to finally be able to report to investors. This was from Dave Girouard at the outset of the call stating, “some quiet periods just feel longer than others.” He was on a mission to set the record straight about the future of Upstart, and I thought he did an excellent job.

Some notable quotes from the call courtesy of Seeking Alpha.
https://seekingalpha.com/article/4487258-upstart-holdings-in…

To gain some perspective on what Upstart achieved in 2021, we looked for another company in the public markets with our combination of scale, growth and profits, but we were unable to find one. Our profits are neither marginal nor ephemeral.

This unusual combination of growth and profits in a heavily competed industry is evidence of a distinct competitive advantage and clear operating leverage. It also suggests that you’re witnessing the creation of an industry-defining category, artificial intelligence lending and the emergence of the category leader, Upstart.

It just doesn’t get a whole lot more bullish than that.

From the call, we also know they have 42 bank and credit union partners adding 11 this quarter. They added 6 the prior quarter. That is accelerating nicely even if we don’t hear about every new addition in a press release. There are also 7 partners who have eliminated the need for a FICO score. I believe that is up from 4 last quarter (someone can check me) providing further proof their model is working and demand is increasing.

It was clear the CEO is extremely excited about their progress in auto lending. I personally liked this:
Upstart has a unique and proprietary auto refinance product with far less competition than we’ve had in personal lending.

As we look to the future, what can we expect from Upstart?
Overall, the categories we’re in today or expect to enter represent an addressable market of more than $6 trillion in annual originations.

A tidbit on the cyclicality of lending:
Finally, lending is a cyclical industry and always will be. Though Upstart is not a lender, we are a technology provider to this industry. So we expect our growth in transaction volumes to vary considerably from quarter-to-quarter. But at the same time, we represent a secular change that we believe is both inevitable and durable.

Sure, Upstart will hit some rough patches in down cycles. The good news is they will never be exposed to bankruptcy with such a small percentage of loans on their books. Given their competitive position for the foreseeable future, holding Upstart through economic downturns seems reasonable even if revenues are impacted more than our excellent B2B SaaS companies.

And did you know folks at Upstart read this very forum? It sure seems like it to me:
Note that this recent upturn in loan default is not to be confused with the longer-term secular vintage-over-vintage increase in absolute default profile on our platform, which has been alluded to in some public forums. This phenomenon is almost purely a function of change in borrower mix, as our models expand the frontiers of approvability and pull more applicants into the lendable universe over time.
Viewed in this context, rising absolute default rates that are correctly predicted and priced are not a bug but in fact, a feature of our platform and a trend we expect to see continue as we successfully progress against our core corporate mission of expanding access to credit.

There was plenty of other great stuff in the call as well. I just wanted to bring forth some of the key items I heard. Overall, I thought the call was outstanding. Feel free to provide counter arguments of course.

A.J.

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I do not think I have ever been as impressed by a conference call in my years of investing. Now I am extremely weighted in portfolio to UPST and I will be the first to admit I am biased because of this fact.

However only other earnings call I can think of was Zoom a year and half ago. The difference between the two that makes me even more bullish for Upstart is they have a plan for future growth.

Dave G
As the rare public technology company with triple-digit growth and profits, we’re confident that an economy and market in transition plays to our strength.

Profits matter for a reason. They allowed us to invest significantly in our future by more than doubling our headcount in product, engineering and machine learning in 2021.

In the case of small dollar and small business lending, we expect to have these products in market during 2022. In the case of mortgage lending, we hope to be in market in 2023. In each case, we anticipate a year or so of development, a year of feeding and testing and then a year to begin scaling. A home run success for Upstart would amount to a new product in-market and ready to scale in each of the next two or three years. Of course, it’s very hard to time innovation, much less market adoption, but this is the pace we’re aiming for. Overall, the categories we’re in today or expect to enter represent an addressable market of more than $6 trillion in annual originations.

The other issue that I was concerned by was the possibility of increasing interest rates in near future. This was also addressed.

Sanjay Datta
A second macro topic de jure relates to rising interest rates and inflation. Our view is that a moderate increase in rates will not have a meaningful impact on our business for two reasons. An increase in the Fed rate does not translate directly into higher cost of funding for our bank partners. And to the extent it does, the floating rates on the credit cards that our loans are predominantly refinancing will move in tandem. This means that the savings that our borrower has realized, measured by the spread between our rates and the rates of the credit being refinanced, will remain reasonably constant.

If you are invested or thinking about investing in Upstart the conference call is a must read.

https://seekingalpha.com/article/4487258-upstart-holdings-in…

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I agree that the call was stellar and everyone should check it out. I laughed aloud when there was mention of talk of delinquencies on “public forums” and then going on to point out that one part of that was actually a feature by which they measure their success.

In the Q&A the delinquency issue was raised again, and I found the response fully satisfying. So I’m posting it here in full:

Andrew Boone – JMP Securities – Analyst

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to go first to default rates. So Sanjay, I think, you talked about it being a feature, not a bug.

But can you just give us a little bit more detail? Can you provide any incremental just pieces of data to give us more confidence there, talk about cohorts or anything else to just give us a little bit more confidence.

Sanjay Datta – Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, Andrew, thanks. So I guess, I was just trying to maybe draw a distinction between two different things that often get conflated. One of them, which is talked about a lot is – it is the fact with each successive vintage that’s originated on our platforms, the absolute level of delinquency default goes up, and that’s reflected in our securitizations. And so, the first point I was making was that’s, in our view, not a bad thing.

It’s happening because we are expanding our universe of approval of borrowers over time. And any time you go from a situation where you have a small amount of data and you’re acting conservatively, over time, having a lot more data and then relaxing your constraints around risk, then your average delinquencies will rise just mathematically. And as long as you’re predicting that correctly and pricing the loans accordingly, our view is that this is a good thing. So in fact, I would say it’s maybe the best single distillation of our entire history of success in corporate value creation as a platform, right? Like that’s what we’re doing.

We are expanding the frontiers of approvability and making the universe bigger, whereas we started from a position that was more conservative. So I would say like put that aside. So that’s one thing that’s happening, but that’s just sort of a reflection of our business journey. But the second point, which is different, but equally about the delinquencies is that if you imagine that sort of delinquencies by vintage, which – where each vintage has a higher delinquency than the last, it is a true statement that every single one of those individual data points is lower than where we had expected it to be.

Now that’s a statement that’s equally true about all vintages and equal in magnitude about all vintages. And we have been of the belief that that’s because of the stimulus and the economy. And we’ve been consistently messaging that we have been predicting that that would revert at some point and those little dots would return to the sort of position where we originally expected them to be. And lo and behold, since October or November, each of those vintage curves is now reverting back to where we expected.

So this is something that’s more of a local phenomenon. It’s not just about the secular vintage-over-vintage profile of our business, but it’s more about each individual vintage returning to a higher level of default. But the fact that we had been sort of predicting it for more than a year, and seeing it finally materialize separately is not a huge impact to our business. If you are in some temporary suspended state of abnormality, as long as you don’t delude yourself into thinking that that’s the new normal, the eventual resumption of normalization shouldn’t be a big surprise.

And so, we’re going through that shift, but that’s something that is new as of October or November. It’s not sort of a longer-term sort of increase in default profile, which I was just reacting, too, because we see it discussed a lot in the public forum. So we thought it was worth clarifying.

His response here is encouraging to me on multiple fronts. First, it is clear, even for someone like me who doesn’t have even a single toe in the lending industry. This is not double-speak or in-the-weeds industry jargon. It is clear for investors across the board, which I think is a critically-important skill in management.

Second, it’s also clear that they took the concerns that have been expressed on this board and elsewhere seriously, even while believing that one aspect of rising delinquencies was actually a measure of the success of their business model and the other was something they have been predicting and modeling for. Both in the initial presentation and in that follow up, they took time to make sure the intricacies were understood and that the two types of delinquency occurrences were differentiated, explained and confirmed to be planned for in their models.

Third, one of the reasons I have stuck with Upstart through thick and very, very thin is that I take seriously David Gardner’s advice to invest in companies that represent the world I want to live in. Upstart’s mission of expanding credit to those who have been unfairly cut out of the system is absolutely the world I want to live in. That the CFO, of all people, would be not only explaining the delinquencies but cheering them on as a sign that their mission is being fulfilled is evidence of the strong culture and sense of mission that makes me love them for what they do beyond how they perform.

Read this again: I would say it’s [that first kind of delinquency] maybe the best single distillation of our entire history of success in corporate value creation as a platform, right? Like that’s what we’re doing.

We are expanding the frontiers of approvability and making the universe bigger…

I’m here for that.

I also found what I was looking for in addressing the auto supply chain problems. It came in the Q&A:

Simon Clinch – Atlantic Equities – Analyst

OK. Great. Just to follow up on that as well. In terms of your rooftop expansion, could you talk about the pace at which you can expand and sort of what, I guess, where you think you might end up to in this year? Or what kind of bottlenecks you might be experiencing, what the challenges are in actually ramping that up rapidly?

Dave Girouard – Chief Executive Officer

Hey, Simon, this is Dave. Yeah, I mean, it’s not a specific number we’re giving guidance on. I would say, generally, if you looked at the numbers, and you can see them in the investment deck, we did see acceleration in the fourth quarter, which is nice. We actually rebranded from Prodigy to Upstart Auto Retail in the third quarter.

So it was nice to see that that didn’t cause any disruption. In fact, it was an acceleration in Q4. I think, generally, the biggest challenge for auto retail at the moment is the supply chain that car manufacturers and the auto industry overall is seeing, meaning it can be challenging to sell software to a dealership that helps them sell more cars when they don’t have enough cars to sell in the first place. But despite that and despite that headwind that we’re selling into, as you can see, we are expanding pretty rapidly.

So our expectation is we’ll see rapid acceleration of that over the year. Certainly, as supply chains sort of repair themselves and inventory levels on car dealerships, etc., begin to sort of return to normal, we think that will be a tailwind that will just further accelerate. So we’re really pleased with the progress and we think we would expect to continue to accelerate adoption across rooftops through this year.

So they recognize the issue, aren’t afraid to talk about it, and are using the time to get into dealerships to be ready to catch the wave of pent-up demand at whatever point the supply chain issues are resolved.

I’ll end with Dave Girouard’s summation:

We believe we can help forward-thinking banks succeed in their mission with better technology. We think of ourselves as a consumer Internet brand focused on personal finance. Unlike a bank, an Internet brand can seek to serve all Americans and eventually everyone in the world, this time, with an incredible diversity of offerings from hundreds, if not thousands of partners, each of whom will benefit from leveraging Upstart AI. So in short, our goal is to become a technology partner to all the world’s great financial institutions.

While noting that “forward-thinking banks” is somewhat of an oxymoron, I’m in for this ride, however bumpy it may be.

JabbokRiver
Yesterday: 19% Upstart
At today’s value: 25%

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Regarding the UPST Q4 call. I am going to present a critical perspective, and I hope I can hear what everyone’s thoughts on this, whether this harshness is warranted or not.

I’m borrowing this word shamelessly from a great person, on how he described the UPST conference to me:
“The Upstart conference call was very seductive.

Great word - seductive - to describe the conference call!

Very upbeat tone and swagger coming from management, especially comments alluding to UPST being “the next Google”. But when I sat down and read the transcript yesterday after listening to it, it made the negatives stand out very clearly:

AUTO:
The topic of auto is very very important in my decision on why I did not re-enter UPST, as I stated in my other post.
Even though the first auto-refi loan was transacted in 2020, for 2022, management displayed beliefs they are still way, way too early for auto to be truly meaningful for their business.
The auto-unit economics are also quite concerning.

1.) They said for auto: “for some period of time, there will be no fee revenue. And then, even when there is…maybe more of it may be earned ratably over the life of the loan compared to personal loans, which is all earned on transaction.”

I thought about this hard - my conclusion is this is a very bad thing if true.
Let’s pretend for personal lending, they had earned their revenue ratably over the life of their 3-5 year personal loans.
Wouldn’t this drastically change the amount of revenue, cash flow, and contribution margin they actually attained over the past couple years? Their borrower acquisition costs for their loans are all upfront, but the money they bring in would take place over years???

2.) Multiple comments that auto is just still way too nascent. And the economics still don’t look very good so far, especially when they said the overall contribution margin would drop by about 5 percentage points for the year at a mere $1.5B auto financial volume, it’s not a good sign to me.

“we’re not yet at the point where we’re ready to give a precise view on auto unit economics…” [They’ve said this for three quarters in a row already!]

“on the cost side, consumer acquisition and operations are still things that are – I would call them subscale. So we have targets for where we want them to get to, but not actual results yet.”

we have a long way to go, and it certainly depends on us continuing to make progress through the year”

“all of the unit costs to originate an auto loan are currently subscale compared to personal lending. So whereas our CAC is at a certain level, our customer acquisition cost at a certain level in personal loans is very efficient, in auto, it’s not there. We’re still building our programs, learning what works…”

3.) I suspect auto is still growing slower than they want at this stage (or at least what I want)

An analyst asked: maybe can you talk about origination activity thus far, how many loans you have in your balance sheet?
[Management completely ignored and gave zero answer on the number of auto loans transacted - and remember, no auto-refi number was given this quarter unlike the last two quarters]

4.) There exists a fundamental trouble in scaling up an auto-refi marketing strategy. For some reason, there is no “Credit Karma” deal to allow them to acquire auto borrowers quickly, like for personal loan. An analyst had asked about that specifically.

“It’s worth stating that scaling the auto business from here is no simple task…distribution channels in auto refi aren’t nearly as well established…”

“…in auto, auto, clearly, direct mail is a great channel… there are some aggregators, but again, not as much a single point scale as we see elsewhere.”

5.) Auto retail is somehow facing supply chain issues despite them growing from an incredibly small base.

“the biggest challenge for auto retail at the moment is the supply chain that car manufacturers and the auto industry overall is seeing”

BANK PARTNER DEMAND
An analyst asked about bank partner appetite to increase the size of their loan books. The answer given was a red flag! Whoa!

“I will say for sure, last year, there was a very severe need for loans out there, almost unprecedented in terms of excess deposits, lack of loans in the banking world last year. And that certainly dissipated… So maybe they won’t have as much demand. It’s really hard to say. Well, I don’t – I can’t say that we’re seeing a trend one way or the other.”

SECURITIZATIONS
An analyst asked: “I was wondering if you could just comment on whether you’re seeing any changes in institutional investor loan demand?”

[There was no answer given to this question - it was completely ignored - not a confident sign when I want to know details about the perception of delinquency rates spiking among the institutional investors.]

HIRING:
They really really want more technical staffing, but they are having trouble hiring as desired to grow their businesses (and then, if they’re having problems, why the heck would they authorize 400M buyback instead of putting that money to hiring???)

“…the objective of growing our technical workforce by around 150% this year”

“Spend on engineering and product development once again led the way as our priority investment area, growing 25% sequentially despite slower hiring than desired.

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Thanks to all, as always, for the debate on earnings. Lots to pick over.

However, can we please not mischaracterise what was said about Google. It was not suggested, expressly or implicitly, that UPST will be the next Google. The quotes are as follows:

‘Upstart is now about the size that Google was when I joined that company in early 2004. So I’ve seen this movie before and hope to use what I learned there to build Upstart into the most impactful fintech in the world.’

‘I have some specific personal goals for Upstart in 2022… Second, to break new ground in terms of quality of execution at the $1 billion-plus scale, with leaders such as Google, Amazon and Apple as my north star.’

On my reading, those quotes simply demonstrate a CEO telling the market that he has impressive experience to draw on and that he hopes to use that experience in driving UPST forward and executing at scale.

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“HIRING:
They really really want more technical staffing, but they are having trouble hiring as desired to grow their businesses (and then, if they’re having problems, why the heck would they authorize 400M buyback instead of putting that money to hiring???)”

I don’t understand this logic. Authorizing a $400M buyback doesn’t mean they suddenly have a $400M cash outflow. They’re just alerting the public that they may spend up to that amount buying stock back at any point if they so choose. Authorizing a buyback while expressing a desire to hire more staff aren’t mutually exclusive.

Engineering and product dev type staff don’t grow on trees, especially in this environment. There’s huge competition for talent. You can’t find a tech company that can fill all of its open positions these days. They have a billion in cash on the books and they are cash flow positive. Not a money issue. Not saying it’s not a failure on their part - they need to figure this out - but the buyback has nothing to do with it.

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5.) Auto retail is somehow facing supply chain issues despite them growing from an incredibly small base.

“the biggest challenge for auto retail at the moment is the supply chain that car manufacturers and the auto industry overall is seeing”

I think this is a misreading of what they are trying to say. They are just saying that the auto industry overall (Ford, GM, Toyota, etc.) has supply chain issues (for instance, chips are a big problem) which are putting a brake on the number of cars sold. You can’t sell a car if you don’t have it, and you can’t make a car loan on it if you can’t sell it. This has nothing to do with Upstart’s small base.

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SECURITIZATIONS
An analyst asked: “I was wondering if you could just comment on whether you’re seeing any changes in institutional investor loan demand?”

[There was no answer given to this question - it was completely ignored - not a confident sign when I want to know details about the perception of delinquency rates spiking among the institutional investors.]

I did not come across this as being ignored. It was like part of 5-6 questions asked together.
Below is the exchange.

Mike Ng

Hey. Good afternoon. Thanks for the question. I just have two. First, I was just wondering if I could follow up on the margin commentary. Could we expect Upstart to get back to 2021 margins in 2023, or what does that visibility look like?

And when you talk about hiring the technical workforce, could you just provide a little bit more color on what the key areas of investment there are? Is that simply a doubling of this engineering and product expense?

And then second, I was wondering if you could just comment on whether you’re seeing any changes in institutional investor loan demand? And could you just remind us how reliant you guys are on the securitization markets? And have you seen any changes there? Thank you.

Sanjay Datta

Yes. Hi, Andrew, [ph], this is Sanjay. So a multipart question. Let’s see. The first question is whether we may see a return to our current margin structure in 2023, I guess, I would say that – so it’s obviously a little bit hard to see out that far in terms of the investments we’d be making.

I would say this, there’s no fundamental reason why our business over time won’t return to our existing profile and, in fact, beat it. It’s really just going to be a function of how quickly we’re incubating and investing in new businesses. So auto is the one that we’re obviously investing in this year.

I suspect by 2023, it will be accreting to the bottom line, not reducing our margins. It may have a slightly different margin profile in terms of the timing of the cash flows, but we think it will be in a similar ballpark. And so, each new business we get into, we’re planning on getting into business lending, small business lending later this year, a small dollar lending.

Maybe 2023 is the year we get into home or mortgage. They’ll each have a slightly different margin profile, but more importantly, a cycle of investment. And so really, this begins to take the form of portfolio investment.

But I do think that, as I said, we know the playbook on these businesses now. We know how to get them to profitability and beyond, and we’ve proven that in our core business. And so I think that our ability to incubate new businesses and get them to profitability will improve over time. And in the long run, I don’t see why we would not sort of meet, if not exceed our current level of profitability as we scale multiple businesses.

You asked a little bit about the technical hiring, which is a big – sort of a big objective of ours in the coming year. I mean, it’s pretty broad, computer scientists, data scientists, machine learning engineers, product managers.

These are the people that are refining our models, leading our expansion into new areas, you’re building, accelerating strength in our core business. They are refactoring our platform from a single product platform into a multiproduct platform. They are rearchitecting our code base from a monolith into a suite of micro services.

They’re building out bank-facing consoles, an auto dealer-facing consoles and their readiness for forays in the small dollar lending and business learning and mortgage lending. So it’s very broad.

But as we’ve said, it’s pretty much to our – in our view, there is a direct line between the work that’s being done on the technical side and the bottom line of our business, because that’s ultimately what’s at the core of the value that we’re creating as a business.

And then last question was on the reliance that we have on institutional investors and securitization markets, which I view to be a little bit differently. So look, the supply chain of money more broadly is obviously very important to us. It includes banks that are using their own balance sheet to fund the loans that they originate and then the excess volume that we have gets funded in the institutional world. I would say that the direct reliance we have when you exceed the balance sheet capacity of your aggregate banking footprint is on the buyers of the loans as a what we call a forward flow buyer. And so they do absorb a significant amount of the capacity that we create.

The securitization markets are almost more of an indirect thing for us because it’s the loan buyers themselves that then securitize the loans. And so it’s more of a – we don’t touch the securitization markets directly other than we help run the deals that the investors themselves contribute into. So I think each of those investors has maybe a different answer as to what, kind of, liquidity they need from the securitization markets behind them. But I would say there’s a significant fraction of a matter more than happy to buy the loans and just earn the yield without looking for liquidity in the ABS market. So I would say the reliance on securitization markets is less relevant to us directly.

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I also found the call to be very positive.

I find it a bit strange to be harping on the buyback. Yes, it is a bit odd for a (hyper)growth company, but this is not your average growth company (cash on hand, good cash flows). Also, to suggest this would impact hiring or is a misallocation of funds is absurd.

When you square the FY2022 guide with the comments around Auto, I have a very different takeaway. I see a strong full year guide where Auto will not contribute much. This makes me comfortable for 2022 and very excited for 2023, especially since the company basically said that Auto is right now at the same point where Personal Lending was prior to it ramping. And then mortgage starts in 2023? The roadmap and opportunity for sustained growth (2,3,4 yrs out) seems positive.

It does feel like you are grasping for negatives more than anything else. I have spoken to many bears on Upstart who thought the quarter, guidance, and conference call were very good and allayed many of their fears.

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BANK PARTNER DEMAND
An analyst asked about bank partner appetite to increase the size of their loan books. The answer given was a red flag! Whoa!

“I will say for sure, last year, there was a very severe need for loans out there, almost unprecedented in terms of excess deposits, lack of loans in the banking world last year. And that certainly dissipated… So maybe they won’t have as much demand. It’s really hard to say. Well, I don’t – I can’t say that we’re seeing a trend one way or the other.”

Sorry this again looks like a mischaracterization. Below is the complete exchange.


James Faucette

Thanks very much. I wanted to ask a related question is we’ve seen the normalization of the lending markets and borrowing markets, et cetera. Can you talk a little bit about what your sense of your bank partners, et cetera, are right now to continue to increase their – the size of their loan books and what you think, generally speaking, is the appetite to do so this year?

Dave Girouard

Sure, James. I don’t think we’re seeing any particular trend in one way or another. I think we’re just still early in the game, meaning we’re bringing new lenders on the platform. They’re mostly in starting in growth mode. There’s a few that are at what they would think of as their own peak or run rate.

So – how – I will say for sure, last year, there was a very severe need for loans out there, almost unprecedented in terms of excess deposits, lack of loans in the banking world last year. And that certainly dissipated. I think there’s a lot more belief that, that situation is correcting itself. So maybe they won’t have as much demand. It’s really hard to say. Well, I don’t – I can’t say that we’re seeing a trend one way or the other.

I think mostly, our hope is we’re going to bring on a lot of bank capacity, and it’s going to continue to create a better net experience for consumers than the platform and we feel pretty good about that this year. So I guess the shorter answer is we’re still in the early days of this, and we don’t see a place where bank demand is going to drop off in our platform or anything we would certainly expect it to continue to expand.

My note - It is a known fact last year banks were flush with liquidity and FFR (Federal Funds rate) at zero, they were looking for ways they could lend. In any case for a bank, personal loans have a higher interest. So if they can do this in a frictionless way for a predetermined percentage (TBD by each bank) of their asset base, it is certainly desirable.

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"HIRING:
[jonwayne235]They really really want more technical staffing, but they are having trouble hiring as desired to grow their businesses (and then, if they’re having problems, why the heck would they authorize 400M buyback instead of putting that money to hiring???)"

[kwealth]I don’t understand this logic. Authorizing a $400M buyback doesn’t mean they suddenly have a $400M cash outflow. They’re just alerting the public that they may spend up to that amount buying stock back at any point if they so choose. Authorizing a buyback while expressing a desire to hire more staff aren’t mutually exclusive.

Engineering and product dev type staff don’t grow on trees, especially in this environment. There’s huge competition for talent. You can’t find a tech company that can fill all of its open positions these days. They have a billion in cash on the books and they are cash flow positive. Not a money issue. Not saying it’s not a failure on their part - they need to figure this out - but the buyback has nothing to do with it.

My comments here: Perhaps the authorized buyback is a well thought out strategy directly related to hiring and intended to minimize dilution on the stock.

Of course it is hard to hire technical staff - especially in a hot field like machine learning/AI where they directly compete with hiring at Amazon, Apple, Google, Nvidia, etc. In order to compete they need to hand out options like candy. This has a dilutive effect on the stock. An authorized buyback could offset the dilutive effect of handing out all those options to hire the best technical staff to continue building their moat.

We should give management some credit for actually knowing what they are doing when they approve a potential stock buyback. Not sure it is related to hiring or not but someone inside the company sat down with a plan, presented it to management, debated it, and ultimately was approved by management and possibly approved by the Board of Directors as well. Glad the company is so profitable they are able to do this.

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“Also, to suggest this would impact hiring or is a misallocation of funds is absurd.”

And to the contrary, I think this would just give Upstart $400M worth of stock and/or stock options they can use to entice new hires…

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I have to agree with Retirementdough that this is one of the most impressive ER’s that I’ve ever listened to.

Q4 Webcast: https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/eardmmiw
Q4 Prezzo: https://ir.upstart.com/static-files/41587412-8d25-44f6-a79c-…

I sometimes wonder if people appreciate the scale and scope of what is being achieved by some of the companies we follow, or appreciate just how special this type of growth and performance is. Triple-digit growth and solid profits and free cash flow at a $1bn run-rate revenue scale is amazing. In this past year they generated more cash than the total that they burned since inception! They stated that they could not find another public company with a similar profile. Perhaps the bears on Upstart can? I also can’t.

There are only two companies I follow with remotely similar growth rates and they are very different to Upstart: Sentinel one is much smaller (growing off a much smaller base, so easier to get to very high growth rates) and very much still burning cash. And Snowflake, which had less revenue, less than half the growth rate and about a quarter of the free cash flow in the last quarter. Oh and about 10x the price as a proportion of their revenues (or said another way, much much more expensive for those dollars).

When I’m wrong (measured as my pontification pre-results vs actual results), I try to take it on the chin and then look for why I got it wrong so that I can improve (uhm…Lightspeed). So when I’m right - as I believe I am in this case - I feel it’s ok to do a bit of backslapping too, given that I’ve been a fairly vocal bull for some time (https://discussion.fool.com/upstart-a-tale-of-two-stories-350232…, https://discussion.fool.com/upstart-q4-expectationsguesstimation…).

Prior to earnings I said that I was expecting Dave and his team to convincingly tell a story of many, many more years of hyper-growth to come.

I believe he’s done exactly that and then some. The results were astounding and should put to rest any doubts people on the fence may still have about this company (and also the ones who seem to have vocally jumped from one side of the fence to the other ;-). Sure, SaaS is a good business model, but it is not the only good business model in the world. In fact, the best investment from 1995 to 2015 in the US was a soft-drinks company - Monster Beverage Co, not SaaS (https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2016/02/09/the-agony-…) And although I like SaaS companies a lot, I’m not married to them (although, to be fair, given my day-job it comes close).

In trying to distill the essence of this call, I am hard pressed to try to find stuff to cut from the full hour and a bit conference call. The call really is that good and that meaningful and that full of stuff that one needs to hear if you are an investor or considering becoming one (again).

There were a number of misperceptions and false red flags about which they wanted to set the record straight, and they did a terrific job:

They confidently showed that auto is getting real traction. Essentially giving us the current run-rate of refi’s that they are doing (or that’s my interpretation from the small hints dropped in the q&a about how the $1.4bn guide). They guided for $1.4bn of originations in 2022, and indicated that this is almost exclusively from refi’s. About how this was arrived at, the CFO said that the current run-rate gives him confidence that they’ll hit it. So that could mean essentially pulling forward the current 1.5 months of the years’ run-rate for the remainder of the year. If that is the case, then they could currently be doing about $110m of refi’s per month. They also stated repeatedly that they are now at a similar stage of adoption for auto loans as they were for personal loans in 2019 (reminder: just before growth exploded).

This can only go one way given the extremely big focus this has for the year, and the fact that this includes essentially no new sales and is impacted by current headwinds of supply shortages of cars. According to management they also face less competition. The way for auto is up, of course in my view.

They also addressed the incorrect narrative around rising delinquencies and laid out a credible path to maintaining durable growth as set out in some key company and personal objectives.

The first of these objectives is achieving meaningful scale with auto lending. After only 1.5 months he feels they have already accomplished this goal (funnel at same stage as in 2019 for personal lending). They also see less competition than in personal lending in auto, and the TAM is significantly bigger. The next phase after that is getting initial traction in small dollar loans and small business funding in 2022; mortgage in 2023.

The CEO’s personal goals:

  1. Multi-product Distributed company can operate in parallel
  2. Break new ground on quality of execution at $1bn+ scale with new leaders
  3. Move aggressively to unlock TAM

Here is a key quote for me by the CEO:

“Upstart is a unique company, both in terms of our technology and our business model. We don’t exactly look like anybody else. And for this reason, we’re often misunderstood.
[…]
First, Upstart is both a consumer Internet brand as well as a cloud software provider, delivering a deeply proprietary and technical product to our bank and credit union partners. This combination is entirely unique and is central to our competitive position today and in the future.

Were it not for the AI models at the core of Upstart, we would have little unique value to offer our bank partners. And were it not for our consumer presence and scale, we would not control our destiny, and our AI models would not be learning as quickly as they are.
This combination means we can dramatically strengthen the competitive position of banks who partner with us, while simultaneously helping consumers find the very best credit product available for them.
Second, choosing not to become a bank was the right decision for Upstart and it’s central to our world view. A very successful bank will serve a particular slice of America incredibly well, with a well-constructed portfolio of products, a trusted brand, durable relationships and a predictable business model.
We believe we can help forward-thinking banks succeed in their mission with better technology. We think of ourselves as a consumer Internet brand focused on personal finance. Unlike a bank, an Internet brand can seek to serve all Americans and eventually everyone in the world. This time with an incredible diversity of offerings from hundreds, if not thousands of partners, each of whom will benefit from leveraging upstart AI.”

Given all the opinions on this one I would suggest to just look at the numbers and stop the meta-analysis.

THESE ARE THE ONES THAT STOOD OUT FOR ME:

Revenue grew by 264% yoy and 33% qoq going from $87m in Q4 a year ago to $305m this quarter. Just look at that! They did more revenue in Q4 of this year than they did in the whole of last year!

Customers - bank partners - are up 180%!! yoy, from 15 to 42, and up 35% qoq from 31 to 42. They added 11 partners in one quarter; more than they had IN TOTAL just 5 quarters ago. Bank parter traction is incredible.

Contribution and operating margins have been increasing at a good clip. Contribution margin up from 46% in Q3 and 48% in Q4 2020 to 52%. Operating margin went from 12% a year ago and 13% a quarter ago, to 20% in this quarter.

Net income of $87m in this Q is MORE THAN THE TOTAL REVENUE of Q4 a year ago!

Market share in personal loans increased from approximately 9% a quarter ago to just north of 12% of value in Q4.

They are successfully expanding their TAM exponentially as they announced that they have successfully moved into a much bigger adjacent market namely auto loans (7x bigger than personal loans) and have started down the path to business loans (6-7x the TAM of personal loans) and mortgage loans (50x the TAM of personal loans).

They are rapidly gaining very deep trust from their banking partners given that 7 banks vs 4 just a quarter ago (up 75% QoQ) have completely let go of FICO and therefore trusts Upstart absolutely to underwrite risk.

They are GUIDING for 65% revenue growth even at this scale. That is amazing at a +$1bn run-rate. Datadog guided for 49%.

I can’t draw any other conclusion but that this is a juggernaut of a category crusher in the making.

-WSM
(Long and a bit leveraged UPST, currently at ±19% and counting)

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I believe this point is underappreciated:

“First, Upstart is both a consumer Internet brand as well as a cloud software provider”

It wasn’t long ago that you had to get in the car and drive to the store to get, well, just about anything. It also wasn’t long ago that Amazon.com was a fledgling online bookstore with a visionary CEO who saw an opportunity to be more.

Now I want 6 rolls of paper, a king sized 3" gel memory foam mattress topper, and a pair of socks delivered to my house tomorrow. And I go to Amazon and they can somehow pull that off.

Girouard sees Upstart becoming to loans/financing what Amazon is to online shopping (or Google to searching, etc). Amazon used to be cheaper than all of the online e-commerce competition, but that edge has eroded. Upstart is delivering value over FICO with its AI leading to lower rates for more borrowers. Win for Upstart, win for banks, win for consumers. Maybe someday that edge will erode too, but like Amazon, once you become the king of the jungle, good luck usurping that beast.

It’s quite impressive. Given the obliteration we’ve seen in some otherwise “quality” hypergrowth stocks lately, it’s fair to nitpick the details.

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Given all the opinions on this one I would suggest to just look at the numbers and stop the meta-analysis. – ism

Yay! I’d put it slightly differently (and bear with me because I am quick/non-wordy to the point I make and I’m interjecting some humor for perspective):

  • The numbers are great.

  • UPST valuation (IMO): Actually… cheap by PE and PEG standards, let alone PS hyper growth standards.

  • Let me repeat that: Cheap by PEG standards. $0.89 EPS this last quarter. Annualize that (which appears to be absurdly conservative IMO) to ~$3.60. Price: $139, PE >>>> 38, PEG >>>>> meaninglessly tiny… far less than 1.

  • The seemingly unending examination of every tea leaf… when nobody seems to have a complete grasp of what is going on. Example (paraphrased): “Oh noes! Defaults are up!” Company explanation: A feature of UPST development… not to worry.

Here is my (hopefully humorous to all) view of the analysis of the misunderstood (whether recognized yet or not):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1bX9L86TGU

Rob
Rule Breaker Home Fool
He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot lose.

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