Calling Shenanigans on Livongo

Behavioral health is not a buzzword. It a department in Medicine. It is the relationship between psychiatry (MDs) and clinical psychology. They work together to provide mental health care that can in-office or inpatient (ER visits, crises centers, admissions). Just Google “behavioral health” and your favorite university and see that it’s a real field.

It also interacts with other fields of medicine in the realm of compliance. Compliance, especially with chronic disorders, is the most important component to long term health (maintenance or cure).

Small nudges like reminders (alarms, calender) are helpful but they still require the patient to create those reminders. Creating apps with push notification results in better compliance. A simple analogy is setting up your alarm or calendar to set up a doctor’s appointment. Most physicians don’t rely on the patient to remember as 20% of patients would forget about an appointment. So offices began calling patients to remind them. This decreases the no show rate but actually creates the unintended consequence of making patients reliant on the reminder and became contact points to allow them to cancel. Next came email reminders. A big leap but not everyone checked their email. Now offices are sending text reminders and no-show rates have fallen tothe 5% range.

This same thing occurs with diabetics. Some offices would call patients with severe cases as a way to decrease admissions (capitated HMO providers) but this can be expensive, relies on actually reaching patients, and requires the doctor to stop and talk to patient. So diabetes clinics were developed where nurses specialized in diabetes would adjust insulin based on protocols until the patient demonstrated excellent control. This is expensive.

Having automatic reminders saves the doctors from having to contact dozens of patients and saves insurances ER visits and admissions.

AI controlled insulin pumps that monitor glucose continuously and responds with insulin injection mimicing normal insulin release could be LVGO next play or could take them out if developed by someone else.

I see LVGO as a intermediate-term gorilla that will be individually be picked off by companies that specialize in AI driven artificial system controlling devices. This is because there is no loyalty in medicine to any device/company by the insurance companies. There is no way that LVGO can prevent competitors from creating better systems. And insurances will drop you when something else does something similar for 5% less. And it doesn’t have to be equal or better, just comparable. Each year the insurance companies will squeeze LVGO to get more with less reimbursement.

But in the intermediate term, it will do well as insurance companies put more patients into the system.

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I have really enjoyed the discussion on this. Thanks to everyone that provided input - especially those who have medical experience. I have been following this company for 6+ months and have read everything I could find on it, and I learned several new things through all these posts. I find it interesting that it took a counter-perspective to bring out all this great information.

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https://enlyft.com/tech/products/livongo

So basically 31 hr departments decided to incorporate livongo in their healthcare benefit package and revenue in 1st quarter 2020 is approx. $69 million.

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https://ir.livongo.com/static-files/b8b645dc-4ef3-4291-8760-…

This slide states over 1200 clients and 30% of fortune 500 companies.

5 customers make up 58% of revenues? Is client and customer the same thing?

If 5 customers make up 58% of revenues I would love to know who those customers are.

For me, the simple narrative for Livongo is that America’s high hospitalization costs mean the Livongo doesn’t need to be that effective for there to be a solid ROI. Even if, each year, they only prevent one trip to the hospital by every ten diabetics, the cost of a hospital visit is so high that money will be saved.

And their customers have the data to prove–or disprove–that ROI. So to me, it seems reasonable to bet that ROI exists, and also to bail if there is convincing evidence arises that there is no ROI (such as Livongo losing customers).

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BroadwayDan,

Let me start by stating that there are 34 million diagnosed diabetics in the US with 500k new diagnoses each year. At present, LVGO manages just 328k of those (<1%). Those are domestic numbers, not international.

This seems like common sense to me, but from reading your post you’ve self-proclaimed as not medically savvy, so I’m going to explain it from a medical point of view. None of what I say is meant to be condescending and I want to state that I am grateful for stumbling upon this board. It’s given me 63% returns YTD. Better than any year I’ve ever had in my 6 year investing career. Thank you Saul and community.

Diabetes is a disease that requires tight control of one’s blood glucose. If HgbA1C rises above 7%, long term damage and irreparable changes occur to the vascular system of the body. This affects the heart, kidneys, carotids, retinas, peripheral vasculature, and reproductive organs. Often a way to scare a male diabetic patient straight is to inform them that they may be unable to obtain an erection if they let their diabetes go unchecked. I’ve personally witnessed countless diabetics be hospitalized for infections (bacteria love glucose), surgical amputation of gangrenous or necrotic extremities (due to loss of blood supply), and diabetic keto-acidosis (requiring mechanical ventilation and intensive care measures including hourly monitored/adjusted insulin infusions. These patients can die easily due to metabolic changes and electrolyte shifts between their cells and plasma which can ultimately results in dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest.)

It’s no wonder diabetes is the single worst comorbidity for those with a COVID infection!! I’d be concerned if I was obese, diabetic, and hypertensive. Yet, those are the THREE most common co-morbidities I see on a DAILY basis as an anesthesia provider. It is common place in my line of work. Just another “day-in-the-life”.

Healthcare has been SLOWLY transitioning from a reactive entity to a proactive entity. With good reason too. The money is in treatment. Hospitals make much more money to react to a problem or perform surgery than to prevent a problem. Surgery is where the money is. I’m surprised insurance companies haven’t pushed harder for preventative measures. It would save them money!

As for Muji, here is his LVGO analysis:

LVGO - Q120

PR: https://ir.livongo.com/news-releases/news-release-details/li…
Fool take (Crumly): https://www.fool.com/premium/coverage/investing/2020/05/08/c…
BreakerForce recap: https://boards.fool.com/livongo-q1-review-34497163.aspx
Buynholdisdead recap: https://boards.fool.com/lvgo-q120-34522030.aspx
Saul’s take and buy: https://boards.fool.com/why-i-took-a-position-in-livingo-thi…
CC transcript: https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2020/05/07/li…
Digized on seq adds spiking in Q1: https://boards.fool.com/no-problem-i-added-some-more-today-a…
gmcnatt take: https://boards.fool.com/matt-already-pointed-out-but-worth-r…
AnalogKid take: https://boards.fool.com/i-own-a-large-chunk-of-lvgo-it39s-ac…
AnalogKid on moat: https://boards.fool.com/quotwhat-exactly-is-livongo39s-compe…… [under-rated post!]

Revenue 68.8M +114.6%, +27% seq !!
EVA (Est Value of Agreements) 89M +85%
Adj Op Inc 2.5M (vs -8M) swung pos
… margin +3.7% (vs -28.9%) !! +3260 bps
Adj Gross Margin 74.4% +330bps, -548bps seq
Adj EBITA 3.8M (vs -9.2M) swung pos
Adj EPS 0.03 (vs -0.49) swung pos
Opex 57.5M +50%
… 23% of rev -2100bps !!
CFFO -10.4M (vs -25.2M)
FCF -13.5M (vs -26.8M)
… margin -19.6% (vs -83.6%)
Cash 368M
Custs 1252 +77% !!, +44% seq

  • Diabetes Members 328K +100% !!, +32% seq
    $NER 110%
  • 18% of clients have >1 solution
  • services are more vital under COVID-19 pandemic, as chronic disease sufferers are so at risk (78% of COVID-19 ICU visits were from those having pre-existing or chronic conditions)
  • added new solutions for Diabetes Prevention and Behavioral Health
  • new modules for to manage stress & anxiety from COVID-19 only 3% of BH content but driving 25% of member views
  • partnered with Dexcom to hook into their G6 glucose monitor https://www2.livongo.com/news/livongo-and-dexcom-partner-to-…
  • partnered with Prognos Health to aggregate clinical lab data (opt-in program over members in partner labs) https://ir.livongo.com/news-releases/news-release-details/li…
  • first provider selected into new curated healthcare platform Welltok from the Health Transformation Alliance (HTA) https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-health-transfor…
  • major new cust Kaiser Permanente, signed up for Behavioral Health
  • major new cust Govt Empl Health Assoc non-profit provider, signed multi-condition contract (largest ever) to cover their 2M members
  • FDA granted emergency period for in-patient facilities to use LVGO’s diabetes meter

Investor slide deck: https://ir.livongo.com/static-files/9d0d9694-2ab8-4699-be48-…
*328k diabetes members, vs 31.4M total

  • 500k new diabetes diagnoses per yr
  • 1252 clients +44% QoQ
  • Q120 rev 68.8M +115%
  • $NER 110%

My stance: I now own Livongo. This is not a biotech hinging on a binary outcome – this is a med-tech company using hardware and ML/AI to improve lives, by managing a user’s existing health condition on their ever growing “Applied Health Signals” platform. They are gaining customers at a huge rate, likely due to their heavy focus on proving ROI for companies and healthcare providers. I had them on watch list a while but am always drawn to those pesky enterprise SaaS providers over it. However, these numbers from the current Q are too good to pass up. I wish I would have acted faster (before the massive rise over past few weeks), but there is no better time than now to buy in to their continued execution from here.

[I’d really like to thank Saul’s teachings for this shift in my investing behavior. As a contrast, my typical reaction to a price rocketing up after stellar earnings is “I’ll just wait til it has a FUD price stumble and get in then” – which then is a moment that never comes (or does and I’m not paying attn).]

Look at top line revenue growth in tandem with the massive drop in opex as a % of rev, as a perfect example of what we call OPERATIONAL LEVERAGE. The company is massively ramping top line, while drastically reducing the expenses needed to generate that hugely increasing revenue. I like seeing this very, very much – so much so that I cannot put off owning this company any longer. This leverage then leads to all the bottom line metrics swinging positive last Q and this Q. Op and Cash flow margins all trending the right way.

It’s a smallish position, as ultimately I am not sure how far LVGO can go (customer-wise), and unlike enterprise SaaS providers, scaling up covered members has its limits with its platform. There is a process involved, so they have to SLOW the on-boarding of new members in order to temper it’s own platform growth! [If that is the extent of its “problems” here … sign me up.] So far, their game plan (of getting more and more customers that are covering their members) has been stellar. More diseases & conditions can be added from here, and every bit of data they are collecting only strengthens the ML-driven system’s power. It’s not much of a moat (others can and are capturing their members’ data and building ML engines over it), but their experience in this and first-mover advantage has really created a nice core platform that can only expand from here as they become the go-to market leader in this new frontier.

CEO: In particular, we believe remote monitoring is rapidly becoming the new standard in health and care. Livongo’s connected technology allows our members to track vital signs of interest in maintaining health. … There is no question in our mind that this pandemic has accelerated a more extensive virtual care delivery model. Remote monitoring is here to stay, and we expect it to become the standard of care for the most vulnerable and expensive populations.

I expect lumpiness from here, as customer sign-ups & member on-boarding waxes and wanes. If they show signs of expanding into new conditions to cover, I would likely increase my position from here. Clearly it’s a new reality from this pandemic, and the populace has now had a sea change in their options of ‘tele-health’ vs in-person visits. This is a great trend, and LVGO is at the forefront. I like that, tech-wise, the sky is the limit in what they can cover to help members manage their own health. And I expect this company to continue tying their platform into more and more to smart-watch and medical monitoring devices from here.

-muji
long LVGO 3.5% (so far)

——————

END MUJI’s review

NEVERMIND that they just raised Q2 guidance from $73-75 million to $86-87 million! 113% revenue growth vs 83% revenue growth previously forecasted

COVID caused an acceleration of many things. Cloud adoption, remote work, and telehealth. Why go through the pain in the ass of getting hospitalized if you can avoid it? Though, admittedly I’ve taken care of patients who just enjoy the attention and turkey sandwiches and sprite we can provide at the hospital. Yum!

What exactly is a whole person platform? The term is laughable.
This is a common term in healthcare. Just google doctor of osteopathy (DO). What I take them to mean by this is they offer solutions for diabetes, hypertension, and mental health.

Not really even sure “behavioral health” is a term with any actual meaning. Is there anyone left on planet Earth who doesn’t know we should sleep 8 hours, drink water, eat lean proteins, veggies, work out and spend time in nature? In a video on their site they talk about treating the whole person and mention that they could be dealing with “socio-economic” factors. So if a person is out of work, has marital difficulties and lives in a high crime area with limited health resources, the Livongo “whole person platform” does exactly what?

Yikes okay. Behavioral health is common terminology in healthcare and encompasses mental as well as physical health. Especially mental health which is an underserved population. If behavioral health was such common sense, we wouldn’t have as much of a homeless population, people on selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, or people committing suicide. We would have far lower obesity and diabetes rates because people would do the right thing and eat the right thing.

Individuals perform better when they are held accountable. THIS is common sense. Why has Peloton done so well? People haven’t been able to go to health clubs and gyms where there’s a social aspect and they’re held accountable by their peers. Instead they’re now held accountable by their peers and lifestyle coaches with the added bonus of doing it from home. Oh wait, this also sounds like Livongo.

I won’t pretend to know the tactics of Livongo’s sales team or the future or the end result of Livongo’s game, but it sounds way less far-fetched than you are making it out to be. If they do “badger” clients, it is probably with some good reason as I’ve described above.

I don’t doubt Livongo’s ability to sell to companies and jack revenue for now and maybe in the next few years. I doubt their ability to help masses of people actually improve their behavior. Modifying human behavior is incredibly difficult. Shockingly so. For example, I listened to the founder of Duck Duck Go on the Invest Like the Best podcast and thought it a no-brainer to have more privacy in my searches. But til I actually downloaded the app and started using it took forever. And it was literally the easiest thing to do in the world.

This is the most sensible point you made in this post. It is EXTREMELY hard to modify behavior. We are prone to the status quo and we fall into habits. We are inclined to do what requires the least effort. (Thank Jesus this board is NOT like that). Look at Apple watches and FitBit’s. Those things alert you if you haven’t moved enough, essentially modifying behavior. Everyone’s talking about “getting their steps in”.

I am intrigued by LVGO based solely on the TAM of diabetes and their <1% crack into the TAM thus far. They save employers and insurers money and ultimately should reduce healthcare costs in general. It is the long-term effects of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension that tax the healthcare system the greatest.

Respectfully,

HugoStocklitz…
Long LVGO since $27 (it has organically become my largest holding)

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Here is a link to Muji’s original post since none of the links I inserted work.

https://discussion.fool.com/livongo-q120-recap-34525093.aspx

  • HugoStocklitz
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Type 1 ,2 and gestational. All 3 are different forms or types of the disease

While it is true that some people can control their type 2 diabetes with diet and exercise … for a while, anyway … it is not true to think that everyone can.

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Type 1 ,2 and gestational. All 3 are different forms or types of the disease

While it is true that some people can control their type 2 diabetes with diet and exercise … for a while, anyway … it is not true to think that everyone can.

I think everyone can but not everyone will. Not even a majority I would guess.

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BroadwayDan, I totally agree with your assessment and have posted my skepticism on this board in the past. I didn’t want to push too hard as I know many on this board are long LVGO, but since you started it here is my assessment. My conclusion is that this company is perhaps committing some kind of fraud? I can’t prove it of course. But the story, as you said, makes no sense.

No one can give me a good answer as to why LVGO is so successful when:

  1. They have no proprietary tech
  2. They rebrand a standard device provided by Dexcom https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/tech/jpm20-livongo-strikes-…
  3. There are at least five independent competitors, you mentioned Omada. There are more all of whom are not doing well.
  4. All major health insurance companies also have solutions for this. Here is the link to Optum’s solution. https://www.optum.com/content/dam/optum3/optum/en/resources/…
  5. The claims are nearly impossible to prove and don’t directly benefit the buying department which is HR.
  6. Why is revenue soring for an optional health service in a down market?

It’s very possible, that I may be wrong. All I know is I will not be buying this stock anytime soon. If you’re long LVGO, I wish you all the best of luck.

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I think everyone can but not everyone will. Not even a majority I would guess.

No, not everyone can. I had a good friend with type 2 who did pretty well controlling his while he was still working and then got drug free when he retired and spent what I thought was an insane amount of time exercising. But, after a number of years drug free and keeping up on the diet and exercise, he started finding that he wasn’t quite controlling it as well as he had been and he and his doctor reluctantly began exploring adding drugs into the mix. I don’t know how this would have worked long term because an idiot driver pushed him off a bridge onto the rocks below.

And, one needs to remember that, at best, one is controlling the disease, not curing it.

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No one can give me a good answer as to why LVGO is so successful when:

I can and I did, it’s not the technology but the business model, it’s not about healthcare but about reducing the cost of healthcare, follow the money. Cynical but real.

https://discussion.fool.com/who-are-livongo-customers-34560484.a…

Denny Schlesinger

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  1. Why is revenue soring for an optional health service in a down market?

This is from a MF article:
“78% of COVID-19 cases come from the immunocompromised or those with serious chronic conditions. As a result, patients with diabetes are deferring checkups at local hospitals and clinics due to fears of contracting the coronavirus.

Therefore, the demand for a no-contact telemedicine app like Livongo’s to keep track of diabetes and hypertension has increased dramatically. “

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Thanks, Denny. That post was a straightforward answer. Does this mean that the primary benefit in the short term is a reduction in the cost of drugs or treatment for that member? For example in the case of diabetes, if you weigh less than you consume less insulin?

Does this mean that the primary benefit in the short term is a reduction in the cost of drugs or treatment for that member? For example in the case of diabetes, if you weigh less than you consume less insulin?

Not Denny, but…

I would say the primary benefit to all diabetics will be reduced hospital visits, reduced doctor visits, and reduced insulin costs in that order. Reduced hospital costs will be a huge savings.

The majority of diabetics are type 2s and most, not all, do not take insulin; they take other meds that assist the insulin they still make themselves to be available to the body. Some type 2s eventually need insulin. Type 1s need insulin and the amount for each person varies hugely depending on weight/diet/sensitivity to insulin/age of diagnosis.

Fafar

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BroadwayDan, I totally agree with your assessment and have posted my skepticism on this board in the past. I didn’t want to push too hard as I know many on this board are long LVGO, but since you started it here is my assessment. My conclusion is that this company is perhaps committing some kind of fraud? I can’t prove it of course. But the story, as you said, makes no sense.

No one can give me a good answer as to why LVGO is so successful when:
1. They have no proprietary tech
2. They rebrand a standard device provided by Dexcom https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/tech/jpm20-livongo-strikes-…
2. There are at least five independent competitors, you mentioned Omada. There are more all of whom are not doing well.
3. All major health insurance companies also have solutions for this. Here is the link to Optum’s solution. https://www.optum.com/content/dam/optum3/optum/en/resources/…
4. The claims are nearly impossible to prove and don’t directly benefit the buying department which is HR.
5. Why is revenue soring for an optional health service in a down market?

It’s very possible, that I may be wrong. All I know is I will not be buying this stock anytime soon. If you’re long LVGO, I wish you all the best of luck.

Really? I’m not sure I can let that pass.

Since your first post, there’s been about a billion comments on the pros and cons of LVGO. While many reinforce the bull case, there has been a nice balance of posts detailing the very real risks of owning Livongo. In some way, shape or form I think all your concerns have at least been touched upon. In fact, some were addressed in great depth including quotes and links. Shareholders should always know the bear case for their stocks, and this thread has been very helpful in that regard.

If your conclusion is the company is committing fraud, you should probably just abandon the thread. You’ll save yourself a lot of time and money. You can just chime back in to say you told us so after it’s revealed the books were cooked all along.

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No one can give me a good answer as to why LVGO is so successful when:

I can and I did, it’s not the technology but the business model, it’s not about healthcare but about reducing the cost of healthcare, follow the money. Cynical but real.

Absolutely correct.

And that explains why insurers are reporting annual cost savings for each diabetic of in excess of $1900/yr.

cheers

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Thanks, Denny. That post was a straightforward answer.

My pleasure!

Does this mean that the primary benefit in the short term is a reduction in the cost of drugs or treatment for that member? For example in the case of diabetes, if you weigh less than you consume less insulin?

I doubt anyone can map how the cost reduction is achieved member by member. We are dealing with complex systems with thousands of members with diverse ailments treated by various services with a diversity of procedures and products. It could be reduced visits to the doctor, fewer tests, fewer medications, and even non-medical spending like reduced insurance rates or less paperwork. I wouldn’t dare try to answer that question more explicitly. Maybe the company answered your question in an earnings report of SEC filing. You could always ask Google

How does Livongo save money?
https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q…

This comes up:

Case Study: Livongo Demonstrates Cost Savings

A scientific study presented at the 77th Annual American Diabetes Association’s Scientific Sessions shows Livongo drives cost savings for two large self-insured employers.
Livongo’s data science team conducted a retrospective data analysis for two large self-insured employer clients leveraging multiple data sources.
1. Health benefits eligibility data from clients
2. Enrollment, population demographics, and blood glucose values from Livongo
3. Medical claims spending from claims administrators

https://www.livongo.com/docs/pdf/LivongoCaseStudy-CostSaving…

Ideally you would want third party confirmation but growth (clients, members, and revenue) is a good proxy assuming their clients are not taken in fraudulently. I assume innocent until proven guilty and my instinct tells me it’s a good business model. I used to sell insurance way back when and my portfolio included a few group healthcare policies. I was successful in part because my spreadsheets were able to answer complex questions. It’s not just how much the policy costs but how the benefits compare with competing policies. I took the time to assemble that kind of data when spreadsheets were still a novelty, around 1977/78, on an Apple II.

Denny Schlesinger

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Hey All,

I have nothing but respect for the investors on this board and root for all to make money.

I’ll just say this - we all have our defining experiences. Recently the legendary Fool and brilliant writer, Morgan Housel wrote a very compelling piece about a tragedy that greatly affected his life.

https://www.collaborativefund.com/blog/the-three-sides-of-ri…

This tragedy made him particularly risk averse. And he has said he optimizes his portfolio for peace of mind.

For me, I once got suckered on a franchise deal. So I’m hyper-sensitive to what I believe to be hype, over-promising. I do NOT believe Livongo is a fraud. But I see things in the language I just don’t feel comfortable with. And in the narrative it is too easy to see the hole in the Death Star that brings the whole thing down. ONE large client comes out and says it didn’t work to drive down costs so they dropped the service - and the stock collapses. And on top of that I don’t believe in behavior modification working at scale, so for me it’s just too easy to see the downside.

Bottom line is there are companies like CrowdStrike, Fastly, Okta that indisputably work. Our top tech guys and orgs like Gartner vouch for them. I know some here cite peer-reviewed studies that claim Livongo is lowering costs/improving health. I just think the possibility of these being skewed or the foundations of the studies being questionable are higher than in non healthcare tech.

Livongo is up against all the forces aligning against human health - junk food, fear inducement, income inequality, marital stresses, etc. Again with the Narrative - those are bad guys in the story that I personally don’t want to go up against. When the CEO says his biggest competition is “inertia” I run screaming like I just saw a mouse.

Feel free to email me any responses I think we all know where we stand here and don’t want to further clog the board.

FWIW - on a side note, after reviewing my negative feelings towards ROKU and LVGO I decided to drastically reduce my TTD position as the fact is we do NOT yet know if companies can demonstrably deliver better ROI with targeted ads, nor do we know Facebook/Google walls will fall. I believe those things are likely to happen but it’s not certain. So I believe the Saulinian method is, above all, trying to invest in WHAT IS over WHAT MIGHT BE. And never settling for an A- stock when you have A+ stocks.

Fool On,

BD

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People with diagnosed diabetes incur average medical expenditures of $16,752 per year, of which about $9,601 is attributed to diabetes. On average, people with diagnosed diabetes have medical expenditures approximately 2.3 times higher than what expenditures would be in the absence of diabetes. and I assume that is for all diabetics, not just type 1 or bad type 2 . As people get older that average 2.3 X figure will rise.
So as has been pointed out, making even a modest dent in that pays off. So far the evidence is that Livongo can do that, The insurance companies know what diabetics cost, if Livongo is not helping they will soon drop Livingo services.
Not my biggest holding because of the same questions.

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