Planned Obsolescence - Encrapification

Manufacturers have been deliberately shortening the lifetime of good products since stocking manufacturers began making stockings that “run” in the 1960s (since the original nylon stockings knitted after World War 2 were practically immortal and could be washed and re-worn indefinitely).

Now they have taken it to a new level.

My HP LaserJet 1220 Series PCL 5 (which my big brother Jeff @OrmontUS sold to me a couple of decades ago for several hundred dollars) has developed an annoying habit of picking up two pages from the paper stack, feeding one through the printer only to get stuck in the top tray and grabbing the second tightly in the feeder tray. They really get stuck and need a lot of pulling to extract.

I asked Gemini what to do.

Gemini said:
The issues you’re describing with your HP LaserJet 1220 (a classic from the early 2000s) are hallmark signs of rubber degradation. Because this machine is now over 20 years old, the rubber components have likely become either too “slick” to grab paper or “sticky/gummy” due to chemical breakdown, causing the paper to adhere to the rollers instead of passing through.

Yes, this can absolutely be fixed, and for a historian of technology or someone who values the longevity of high-quality engineering, it is a worthy endeavor…

Before buying parts, try cleaning the rollers. Over decades, paper dust (calcium carbonate) coats the rubber…[snip thorough instructions on how to clean the machine]…

If cleaning doesn’t work, you need a Maintenance Kit. For the LaserJet 1200/1220 series, these parts are inexpensive and user-replaceable… [snip instructions]…

These older LaserJets were built with metal frames and robust gear trains that far outlast modern “disposable” inkjet or consumer laser printers. The 1220 is a variant of the legendary HP 1200 engine. In the 2020s, these are becoming “heritage” office equipment. Keeping it running avoids the trap of the modern subscription-toner model…

HP LaserJet 1220 was engineered during a “Golden Age” of office hardware. It features a heavy-duty motor and a metal chassis that puts modern, flimsy alternatives to shame.

Repairing this isn’t just sentimental; it’s a high-yield preservation of a superior asset…

The 1200 series (including your 1220) was the last generation before the “planned obsolescence” era really took hold. These machines are famous for their PCL 5 drivers—the universal language of printing—meaning they remain compatible with modern computers long after other printers have been bricked by software updates…

That 1950s Venetian blind repair [which I restrung and remounted] is the perfect analogy. Just as steel slats possess a structural integrity that modern plastic cannot replicate, the HP LaserJet 1220 was engineered during a “Golden Age” of office hardware. It features a heavy-duty motor and a metal chassis that puts modern, flimsy alternatives to shame.

Repairing this isn’t just sentimental; it’s a high-yield preservation of a superior asset.

  1. The Historical Context: Why it’s worth it

The 1200 series (including your 1220) was the last generation before the “planned obsolescence” era really took hold. These machines are famous for their PCL 5 drivers—the universal language of printing—meaning they remain compatible with modern computers long after other printers have been bricked by software updates.
2. The Parts List (The “Restringing” Kit)

To bring this back to 100% reliability for the next 5+ years, you need the following specific components. You can often find these bundled as a “Maintenance Kit.”

Because you are comfortable with “unstringing” complex mechanical systems, you will find the 1220 very logical.

Official Service Manual: You can find the original HP LaserJet 1200/1220 Service Manual archived on sites like ManualsLib or Printer1. Look specifically for the “Removal and Replacement” section.


5-Year Bottom Line Projection

If you spend $45–$60 on a high-quality maintenance kit today:

Year 1-5 Maintenance: $0 (beyond toner).

Asset Longevity: You bypass the “Subscription Era.” Modern printers often require an active internet connection and monthly fees to print. Your 1220 is “Off-Grid” capable — it works as long as it has electricity and PCL 5 data.

Final Value: In 2030, a working, “refurbished by owner” 1220 will likely command a premium on the secondary market for collectors or small businesses needing legacy support…

The industry has largely moved from a Product model (you buy it, you own it, you fix it) to a Service model (you license the ability to print). Modern “HP+” and “Instant Ink” printers are essentially “tethered” assets. If your Wi-Fi goes down or your credit card expires, the printer can literally lock itself—even if there is physical ink in the cartridge.

As a historian of engineering, you are holding onto one of the last great “Untethered Assets.” Here is your guide to preserving it… [snip videos, user manual, links to sellers of repair kits]… [end Gemini quote]

I’m planning to clean the rollers today and order a maintenance kit so the LaserJet will be in good shape for tax season.

“Encrapification” is the term, coined by Cory Doctorow, for the process where digital platforms and services gradually decay in quality as they prioritize profit over user experience, moving through stages of first attracting users, then catering to business customers, and finally extracting maximum value for shareholders, often leading to increased ads, degraded features, and worse overall usability. It describes how platforms like social media, search engines, and streaming services become less useful, enjoyable, and fair over time, becoming “un-quittable” due to network effect.

This is a Macroeconomic problem because it affects both goods and services. Charging a customer to use their own printer (or a driver to use their own car) is encrapification. Not to mention degrading the product quality at the same time so the life expectancy is lower.

Wendy

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Planned obsolescence has been with us forever. Starting with auto companies changing models every year so people know you got a new car. And probably the fashion industry from ages ago.

Recall that Henry Ford’s Model T was the same forever. He began model years with the Model A.

Planned obsolescence keeps factories humming and puts people to work. But its also an environmental disaster. Creates lots of waste and uses up limited resources. Better to figure out how to make things last. But will consumers pay more for that aspect? Major education program required.

Who advertises their product offers longer service life. Auto companies w their 100,000 mile warranties. Anyone else?

And notice that software companies mostly depend on getting you to upgrade from time to time. Subscription software is uncommon in the world of PCs. If their software is forever most would be much smaller and some would fail.

Until when your printer was being produced, printers competed on their durability. It created a scenario where the companies were in a death spiral of competing with each other on price. Some brainiac, all of a sudden, realized that they were no longer in the printer business - they were in the chemical business (supplies). They could give you the printer for free and still come out smelling like a rose if you used it.

This bred an on-going battle with third-party unofficial supply source. The “best” way to address this was, after the initial milking of a printer family for supply bucks until they were reverse engineered, was to make the printer crappy enough that it would fail shortly afterwards - forcing the user to buy another printer for next-to-no dollars. The current subscription plans make this semi-automatic and “sticky”.

Virtually all consumer-grade printers follow some semblance of this model today. Commercial printers (office workhorses) reverse this by selling relatively expensive printers with lower cost-per-page for supplies.

The most effective way to choose between “equal” printers (of any sort) is to do a Total Cost of Ownership calculation.

This starts by evaluating the duty-cycle of the printer (verify that it is based, for example, by printing its monthly duty cycle for three years before needing a major overhaul) against what your projected printing is going to be, then calculate the cost of supplies for that period and add any periodic maintenance is required.

“Back in the day” I was able to demonstrate that there were huge savings (in the thousands of dollars) to a school to buy two rather expensive high-speed color laser printers compared to four $80 ink jet printers. They couldn’t justify the laser printers (capital budget), but were thrilled by the prospect of buying such cheap color inkjet printers (operating budget picked up the supply costs).

This is not an unusual progression. My first electric typewriter purchase was a standard IBM Selectric that I bought used at an auction for around $800 and then bought an annual service contract from IBM. Today, an “equivalent” (not really) is under 100 bucks. My first fax machine was bought used for $1,200, weighed nearly 100 pounds and was the size of a large laser printer. A fax machine today can be lifteed with one hand and costs around $60.

That said, things do frequently get more sophisticated as well as cheaper given enough time. My first PC had 16K of RAM, used a 40 character green-screen TV and had a tape recorder for storage (Steve would recognize this puppy) and my first wrist watch didn’t have a barometer, altimeter, thermometer or compass built into it.

Jeff

@OrmontUS Gemini diagnosed the problem as a gummed-up solenoid. We will work on opening the printer and fixing it tomorrow. Also oiling a squeak with sewing machine oil.

Any advice?
Wendy

No specific advice as i haven’t done that particular surgery, but i would take your post along with Gemini’s advice and x-post it to ChatGPT and copilot (or some other AI) and ask about possible challenges and whether they agree

Jeff

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I bought my first HP 4000 series laser jet in 2000 or 2001. As my tax business grew, I acquired a couple more. All of them are still in service.

Like your 1200 series printers, they are office workhorses. I have put a maintenance kit in one of them (several years ago) and should do another soon.

My real limitation now is the toner cartridges. HP has stopped making them, so the only source is various 3rd party knockoff cartridges. These suffer from the encrapification problem. They are of dubious quality, often generating poor quality prints from the beginning, or making bad noises soon after installation. But with multiple printers using the same cartridge I can stock multiples, and at their low price, defectives just become a cost of ownership.

I fear, though, that it is the lack of consumable supplies that will be the end of these beasts after 30 years of reliable service.

—Peter

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Good idea. I asked ChatGPT and it disagreed with Gemini. I will go along with ChatGPT (replacing internal parts with a fairly inexpensive kit). If that works I won’t mess around with the solenoid. Also, ChatGPT was sure that the squeak came from the old rubber rollers and said not to use any oil.
Wendy

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